In addition to common words in the Russian language, there are words used much less frequently. These include various jargon and revolutions used in professional speech. Professionalisms are words used by people of a particular profession, or simply referring to a certain specialization. But, unlike the terms, they are not accepted as official concepts and are not applicable in scientific activity.
Features of the term
It is worthwhile to dwell in more detail on what professionalism is in Russian. Often these words include slang expressions. The informal nature of the tokens suggests that they are not used everywhere. Their use may be limited to a narrow circle of people: belonging to one specialty, qualifications working in one organization. Often the circle of concepts becomes wider over time.
Almost people of any profession have their own set of professionalism. This is due to the need to clearly identify all processes and phenomena in working life, many of which often do not have a definition. Such words are formed through associations with everyday concepts. Often for a person who is not dedicated to the intricacies of a particular profession, confusion can arise when meeting with words from professional vocabulary. In real life, they can denote completely different objects.
For example, the word "peasants" in legal speech refers to witnesses of a crime, not villagers.
Characteristics and Application
Another characteristic feature of professionalism is emotional coloring and expression. Many are used to denote negative working phenomena, manufacturing errors. Their similarity with colloquial expressions is noticeable: in some cases, it is almost impossible to distinguish between these concepts. They are always formed in spoken language. In some cases, the word has a terminological analogue that is not used because of the complexity of pronunciation, the bulkiness of the word.
Many examples can be given from the railway professions. Each type of transport here has its own designation, sometimes consisting of abbreviations and numbers. It is quite difficult to use them in speech, therefore substitute concepts appear in the communication of railway workers.
For example, a tank with 8 axles is called a “cigar”, and road workers call the diesel locomotive TU2 “carcass”. There are similar examples in aviation: the AN-14 was nicknamed the "bee."
Designations have not only technical devices, but also individual professions and positions. Drivers are called tracker drivers. Some of the professionalism words are distorted foreign designations: reading the Latin alphabet without observing the pronunciation rules (for example, “designer” is a designer).
Examples from different professions
Writers also use professionalism in some works of fiction. This is necessary for the image of a certain category of people, the transfer of emotions and for dialogue of characters. Many representatives of professions do not even notice how they use the words of this vocabulary in their speech. Teachers, sports trainers, economists and designers have them. In legal and advocacy practice, the phrase “sewing a case” means “an investigation with a bias towards prosecution.” Musicians and music educators have the expression "major mood", which carries, rather, a positive connotation. It is rich in professionalism and the language of medical workers, where complex names of diagnoses are replaced by ironic, simplified words.
“Betheshnik” refers to a patient infected with hepatitis B and C, “cryosus” is called atrial fibrillation. The main purpose of such words in this case is to make the speech shorter and more concise, and speed up the process of helping patients.
Speech use
Professionalism in the Russian language has been little studied, linguistic researchers try to avoid this phenomenon. The appearance of such words is spontaneous, and it is difficult to find certain boundaries for them and give a clear indication. There are some editions of a training nature in which specialists try to give a list of professionalism. Such dictionaries will help students and students in their further work: to get into the course of business faster and understand colleagues, not to experience difficulties in verbal communication with narrow specialists.
Professionalism issues
One of the problems is the lack of understanding of professionalism by people who do not belong to a particular type of profession. Many of these expressions are missing from dictionaries. And those that are found in dictionary and terminological editions are hardly distinguished from the terms themselves and vernacular. The inability to find an exact definition of professionalism can cause confusion even among the representatives of the professions themselves. And because of this - errors in work, failures. Information barriers arise in the communication of workers and qualified specialists with their management. It is more common for employees to use special expressions in their speech, but for many managers their meaning is unfamiliar. As a result, some isolation of groups of workers at various levels appears, conflicts can arise.