A man lives in an information environment. He is constantly bombarded with vital incentives containing great information. A person sees, hears, feels, feels their physical properties, translates them into objects, in mental and behavioral statuses, placing them in their subconscious slides. The psyche itself and sensory adaptation are subjective-informational.
Life in Information
A generator and receiver of knowledge, a person needs various tools to ensure the proper functioning of information. Some of these tools are precisely the mental mechanisms of the primary processing of information. Through all this, he processes information, but each does it his own way, having certain functions and experience. Thanks to sensations, a person captures, records and performs the initial, rather simple processing of information. For their part, they are not accessible only to specific attributes. These are simple, isolated objects and phenomena that are not sufficient to ensure quick adaptation to environmental requirements.
This may sound strange, but sensations to identify and distinguish from other psychological mechanisms are not as simple as they seem at first glance. Thus, based on the stimulus as a source of physical energy that activates the senses, this shows that the term “sensation” is used to describe the body’s processes to respond to stimuli. Or feel to stimulate sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system. Sensory adaptation and the interaction of sensations are briefly defined as an elementary mental event as a result of treatment of the central nervous system with information after stimulation of the senses.
Feelings and appearances
These definitions are more general and non-specific, sterilized and lead to confusion with sensations with other processes by which the body responds to the stimulus of action. Either they lower certain phenomena, such as arousal or elevated phenomena, such as perception. Psychologists consider sensations as elementary forms of introduction in the regulation of actions that replenish environmental behavior. They exist when the effectiveness of stimulation is revealed on the basis of the general reaction of the body, through a practical way of activity.
The form of behavior changes it when we could integrate the stimulation effect into the psychic life, which regulates adaptation to external environmental conditions. Consequently, a distinct transition is made between arousal and sensation. Thus, if the excitation entails a change in the local reversible effect under the influence of the stimulus, the sensation includes sending messages of nervous excitation. This is done in centers that have the ability to record experience. Adaptation is ensured by the support of individual, not just current tasks, providing such a global regulation of living beings.
Criteria and their classes
Over time, classification sensations and sensory adaptation in psychology consisted of several criteria.
• Morphological criterion - sensations were classified by sensory organs, grouping them into five categories - visual, taste, olfactory, tactile and vestibular in accordance with the five senses. The tasks of morphological criteria associated with new scientific discoveries have led the research to focus on other more realistic and operational classification criteria.
• Functional criterion - according to this criterion, the sensory function is first divided, and only then is the detection (identification) of the receiving organ performed.
• Criteria of conditions and directions of admission - two classifications of sensations were proposed . The first is to distinguish between two types of recipients, namely contact receptors and distance receptors. The criterion of sensory damage detected - sensation is a refectory mechanism, it is associated with the attributes of objects and phenomena that the body reflects. By virtue of this fact, the real attributes of objects and phenomena, and especially the connection between the subject and the object, took first place in the classification of sensations. The nature of the received stimuli was taken as a guide, citing four categories of sensations. Thus, mechanical stimuli produce sensations of the skin, physical stimuli produce visual and auditory stimuli, chemical stimuli create a sense of taste and smell, and physiological stimuli evoke sensations of other species.
• Criteria of specialization and sensational correlation - the criterion arose because of the need for a deeper and differentiated analysis of sensations, as well as the need to connect and compare sensations between them.
Sensation characteristic
After the receiver has sensations: visual, olfactory, gustatory, skin (touch), and after we receive sensations that provide information about external objects and phenomena, they give us information about the position and movement of the body.
Aspects similar to all sensations, and sensory adaptation itself, with all suitable options, can be identified at the level of psychophysiological mechanisms, the properties that characterize them, the general laws that underlie them.
Physiological factors
Psychophysiological mechanisms of sensations. The relationship between the physiological and psychological side is so tight that it would hardly be possible to set any boundaries in the sensory adaptation of receptors. A physiological to psychological transformation reveals physiological factors and says that sensations are areas where psychological research is in “the longest and happiest marriage with physiology”. Many cases and mechanisms are involved in creating the sensation, each of which performs certain roles.
The primary, multi-functional apparatus that contributes to sensations is an analyzer with various parts and functions. Its role is to turn eternal or internal energy into consciousness, whether it is a simple phenomenon, such as sensation. To do this, he must provide a number of processes and mechanisms whose chain will ultimately lead to the appearance of the expected effect. The first psychophysiological mechanism of sensations is the intake of stimuli. He is one of the first to be run by the analyst. During its implementation, both a number of auxiliary structures and actual reception structures are involved.
Peripheral links
The input of nerve inflow into the brain is the second mechanism associated with the production of sensations. Transmission to the brain of a nerve inflow occurs through connected fibers, less numerous than receptors. The most important mechanism of sensation is the interpretation of neural information by the brain. The sensation occurs in areas of the cortical projection of the analyzer, consisting of a central or primary part, called the analyzer core, and another, peripheral. The punishment of the activity of peripheral units (receivers and effectors) is the ultimate mechanism of sensation.
Nervous system stimuli
They are created on the reverse link, which is the regulatory mechanism. These are higher levels and thresholds of sensations. Sensory adaptation of sensations controls the activity of receptors, requiring them to modify functional states in the sense of enhancing or eliminating excitability, selectivity depending on the instant needs of the body (needs, expectations).
In this case, the receiver becomes an effector, because under the influence of command signals coming from the brain, it changes its functional state. The confrontation between nerve-related afferents, stimuli-induced stimuli and associated nerve inflows, ordered by the cerebral cortex, makes it possible to correctly reproduce reality.