"Not" with participles - together, separately? Examples and rules

One of the most difficult topics of the Russian language is the spelling of the sacraments. Especially a lot of questions arise when studying the spelling “not” with participles (together and separately). Examples of writing, as well as rules and main points regarding this topic - all this you will find in this article.

Bit of theory

Before you begin to study the question of spelling "not" with participles, you need to understand the terms.

So, participle is the part of speech that denotes a sign of an object by action. It is formed from the verb and answers questions of the name of the adjective ("which?", "Whose?"). There are short and full forms of communion.

Full form:

• published book;
• completed project;
• harvested crop.

The short form looks like this:

• the book is published;
• the project is done;
• harvested.

An important point in this topic is the distinction between participles and verbal adjectives. Communions describe the process, while adjectives are a sign of the subject. Consider this as an example.

Suppose you visited a theater performance, and it seemed to you simply brilliant. So, “brilliant” in this case is an adjective formed from the verb “shine”. This is easy to identify because the word does not describe the process.

However, at the performance you will remember the actress in a suit shining in the light of the spotlights. Here, "brilliant" is a participle, because it describes the process of how a costume shone under the rays of light. This can be determined in another way - you need to ask the question "what is doing?".

You can write the participle with “not” both in a single and separate way, the examples and the algorithm given later in the article will help you choose the right option.

Separate spelling "not"

A slightly complicated point of the rules is separate writing. First of all, brief forms of participle with "not" are written separately. Examples:

• not published;
• not done;
• do not hear;
• not see , etc.

But the spelling of the full forms is somewhat different. Such participles are written with "not" both in a single and separate way. An example is the word “unnoticed”, which can be written in different ways. What determines its spelling? From the words surrounding him.

The participles are written separately with “not” when there is a contrast with the union “a”. For instance:

• not running, but creeping a distance;
• not late, but a late member of the commission , etc.

Also, participles are written separately in the presence of words dependent on them. For instance:

• a mistake I did not notice;
• magazine not corrected by the editor .

The last rule concerning the separate writing of “not” with participles is the spelling of phrases with the words “far”, “at all”, “by no means”, “not at all”. Their presence indicates that “not” with the participle in this case will always be written separately. For instance:

• far from clean shoes;
• not at all upset girl;
• by no means written article;
• not at all a sleeping boy .

That's all the rules for writing "not" with the sacrament separately. Examples of continuous writing are yet to come.

When "not" is written together

The integral “not” with participles is written if it cannot be used without “no”. For example, hated - the words “see” and its derivatives in the Russian language simply do not exist, which means that you need to write together.

The participle is also written together if there are no oppositions or any dependent words. Here, however, there is a reservation - if an adverb in the meaning of a measure is a dependent word, then the spelling will be fused. That is, the dependent word is not always an indicator that “not” with the participle needs to be written separately.

The most commonly used such adverbs are:

• to the highest degree ";
• highly;
• perfectly;
• too;
• nearly;
• completely;
• absolutely;
• quite;
• quite;
• extremely;
• in part;
• quite.

Of course, this is not the whole list.

Communion Algorithm

The following algorithm will help facilitate the work with participles:

1. First you need to understand whether a word is defined without "not." If not, it is written together, if so, the next paragraph of the algorithm.
2. Next, you need to determine its form - short or complete? If brief, it is written separately, if complete - the next paragraph.
3. Setting the presence of contrast with the union "a". If such a fact exists, we write separately, if not, we move on.
4. It is necessary to determine the presence of a dependent word. If it is not, then it is written together. If it is - what is it?
5. If the dependent word is an adverb in the meaning of a measure, then “not” with participle is spelled together.
6. If the dependent words are all other parts of speech, then the spelling is separate. The same applies to the words “far”, “at all”, “by no means”, “not at all”.

To make it easier to understand the progress, the algorithm is given in the following diagram.

Examples

We will analyze the correct spelling of "not" with participles in the examples. For each rule, an appropriate phrase will be given illustrating its operation.

As already mentioned, one can write “not” with participles both in a single and separate way, but the examples and rules given in this article fully reveal this topic.