All sectors of the economy are divided into two large areas: production and non-production. The existence of organizations belonging to the second group (culture, education, consumer services, management) is impossible without the successful development of enterprises of the first.
Industries: Definition
Relate to this part of the national economy, enterprises engaged in activities aimed at creating wealth. Also, organizations of this group sort them, move them, etc. The exact definition of the production sphere is as follows: “The totality of enterprises manufacturing a material product and providing material services”.
General classification
In the development of the national economy, the production sphere plays a very prominent role. It is related enterprises create national income and conditions for the development of intangible production. The following main industries are:
- industry,
- Agriculture,
- construction,
- transport,
- trade and catering,
- logistical support.
Industry
This industry includes enterprises engaged in the extraction and processing of raw materials, the manufacture of equipment, the production of energy, consumer goods, as well as other similar organizations that are the main part of such an area as the manufacturing sector. Sectors of the economy related to industry are divided into:
- Power industry. The enterprises included in this group are engaged in the generation and transmission of electric energy, as well as in the control of its sale and consumption. Production of any kind without organizations engaged in such activities is impossible.
- Metallurgy . This industry, in turn, is divided into two sub-sectors: color and black. The first includes enterprises engaged in the mining of noble metals (gold, silver, platinum), diamonds, copper, nickel, etc. The mills of the iron and steel industry mainly produce steel and cast iron.
- Fuel industry. The structure of this industry includes enterprises engaged in the extraction of coal, oil and gas.
- Chemical industry. Technological production of this type produce products for various purposes. The latter can be divided into four main categories: basic and specialty chemicals, consumer goods, and life support products.
- Forest industry. This group includes logging companies producing lumber, as well as paper, pulp, matches, etc.
- Engineering and metalworking. Factories in this area are engaged in the manufacture of equipment, tools and machines.
- Light industry. The enterprises of this group produce mainly consumer goods: clothes, shoes, furniture, etc.
- Building materials industry . The main activity of factories and plants in this industry is the production of products intended for the construction of buildings and structures (concrete mixes, bricks, blocks, plasters, heat insulation, waterproofing materials, etc.).
- Glass industry. The structure of this industry also includes factories for the production of porcelain and faience. The enterprises of this sub-sector produce dishes, plumbing, window glass, mirrors, etc.
All industrial enterprises are classified into two large groups:
- Mining - mines, quarries, mines, wells.
- Processing - combines, factories, workshops.
Agriculture
This is also a very important area of the state’s economy, falling under the definition of “production sphere”. The sectors of this sector are primarily responsible for the production and partial processing of food products. They are divided into two groups: animal husbandry and crop production. The structure of the first includes enterprises involved in:
- Cattle breeding . Growing large and small livestock allows providing the population with such important food products as meat and milk.
- Pig breeding . The enterprises of this group supply lard and meat to the market.
- Fur farming . Of the skins of small animals, mostly wearable items are produced. A very large percentage of these products is exported.
- Poultry farming . Agricultural enterprises of this group supply dietary meat, eggs and feathers to the market.
Crop production includes such sub-sectors as:
- Cereal cultivation. This is the most important sub-sector of agriculture, the most developed in our country. Agricultural enterprises of this group of the production sector are engaged in the cultivation of wheat, rye, barley, oats, millet, etc. The extent to which this industry is developed will depend on the degree to which the population is provided with such important products as bread, flour, cereals.
- Vegetable growing . This kind of activity in our country is carried out mainly by small and medium-sized organizations, as well as farms.
- Fruit growing and viticulture. Developed mainly in the southern regions of the country. Agricultural enterprises of this group supply fruit and wine to the market.
Such sub-sectors as potato growing, flax growing, melon growing, etc. are also related to crop production.
Industry and agriculture are considered the main industries. However, enterprises and other groups that are in close interaction with them play an equally important role in the country's economy.
Construction
Organizations of this group are engaged in the construction of buildings and structures. It can be both domestic objects, and cultural, administrative or industrial. In addition, construction organizations develop projects of buildings and structures, make their reconstruction, expansion, major repairs, etc.
Absolutely all other branches of the production sphere interact with groups of enterprises of this type. Construction companies can work both by state orders and by specific organizations or individuals.
Transport
Organizations in this area of the national economy are responsible for the transportation of raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished products. The following industries are included in it:
- Road transportation. Companies in this group mainly deliver goods over short distances.
- Marine . This type of transport carries out mainly foreign trade transportation (oil and oil products). In addition, shipping companies serve remote areas of the country.
- Rail transportation. Within the developed economic zone, trains are the main transport delivering goods over long distances.
- Aviation . Companies in this area of the transport industry are mainly engaged in the transportation of perishable goods.
The successful operation of enterprises in industries such as agriculture, industry, construction, etc., directly depends on the performance of the transport group companies. In addition to those discussed above, organizations involved in the transportation of oil, its refined products, gas, etc. .
Trade
An equally important role in the country's economy is played by such industries as:
- wholesale;
- retail;
- catering.
Its subjects are enterprises and organizations engaged in the marketing of goods produced by industry and agriculture, as well as related works and services. Catering facilities include canteens, barbecue, cafes, restaurants, pizzerias, bistros, etc.
Logistics Support
The main activity of the subjects of this branch of the production sphere is the provision of industrial enterprises, agriculture, etc. with working capital: components, containers, spare parts, rapidly wearing equipment and tools, etc. The logistics group also includes organizations, engaged in supply and marketing.
Thus, the branches of the production sphere, the definition of which was given at the beginning of this article, are the most important components of the national economy. The effectiveness of the development of the country's economy as a whole and, as a consequence, the growth of the welfare of its citizens directly depend on the success of the activities of their enterprises.