In Russian, there are words in which several consonant sounds are combined next to each other in the root morpheme. At the same time, in an oral conversation one of these letters falls out, is not pronounced. For example, the famous (sound “t”), peer (sound “t”), joyful (sound “t”), heart (sound “d”), etc.
Philologists believe that the sound "t" is the absolute champion in its unpronounceability. There are a lot of words with this letter, which is not heard during the conversation, and most of them can be checked.
Unpronounceable consonants, which have lost in certain combinations of sound value, are often found in Russian, although this term is conditional. Any linguist will say that letters are not pronounced at all, and there are no such sounds.
In addition to the letter “t”, there are other unpronounceable consonants: these are the sounds “d”, “c”, “l”.
The spelling of the Russian language, given their specific feature, defines the rules for the spelling of such sounds, based on the action of morphological principles.
But how to write a word in which one of the sounds is not heard, while it is not known whether it exists at all or not?
The grammar of the Russian language implies a rule that determines the spelling of consonants.
In order to find out whether unpronounceable consonants are written in the root, you need to change the given word or pick the one-root word to it, but so that the letter being tested appears before the vowel sound.
For example, a messenger - news, a neighborhood - a crossroads, whistle - whistle, whistle, honest - with honor, furious - with fury, etc.
As you can see, in front of the vowel, this unpronounceable consonant is fundamentally heard: the sun is sunny, sad is sadness.
The exception to this rule is: to shine, although it is checked - to shine, to splash - to splash, stairs - a ladder. These words just need to be remembered, since they have undergone a certain historical change.
It is also necessary to distinguish such words in which the unpronounceable consonants simply do not exist, they are not. For example: vowel, tasty, skillful, dangerous, inert, peer, terrible, literature, honor, participate, food, march, etc.
In oral colloquial speech, there are such words that are formed from different root bases, but coincide in their sound. When spelling them, when unpronounceable consonants are not heard, but it is not known whether they are at all, you need to take into account the context or phrase. For example, a constant (constant value) and a statement (a statement of fact), skilled (skillfully prepared) - artificial (unnatural), inert (backward) - bone (formed from the word "bone"), march (proudly go) - patronize (patronize) .
The words that are similar in sound are written differently, for example, to feel (feel) - to participate (to be in common business), an excavator (earthmoving equipment) - an escalator (moving staircase), food (gourmet food) - explicit (explicit), peer (of the same age) - peer (from the old Russian disappeared word "svjaststny").
Rich in all senses, the Russian language is also filled with words that combine not two, but several consonants, one of which is not pronounced, and therefore not heard. These are such "tricky" collections of letters as "stn", "lnts", "zdn", "vstv", "rtsd", "ndsk", "ntsk" in such words as valiant, sun, late, hello, heart , Dutch, amateurish.
Everyone who wants to write correctly in Russian needs to know: there are three special words - a ladder, a feeling and a holiday, for which it is impossible to find a test related word.
The letter "t" in the stairs, "d" in the holiday and "c" in the feeling you just need to remember forever. For children at school, teachers usually offer the following tips for easy memorization:
- forestTnitsa is obtained from stepStep, stepStep, stepStep;
- The HOLIDAY is the Day of Joy and Gifts;
- FEELINGS ARE LIVING IN US, IN OUR HEART.