The concept of "human capital" (human capital) was first voiced in scientific circles and appeared in journalism on the wave of neoclassicism in the mid-twentieth century, finally taking shape by the 90s of the 20th century.
Theodor Schulz and Gary Becker are Nobel laureates, well-known economists who are considered the "fathers" of scientific research. For the development of this economic direction, a scientist of Russian origin Simon Kuznets was awarded this award (1971). The current structure of the doctrine affecting human capital has a complete look thanks to economists, sociologists and historians T. Schulz, G. Becker, E. Denison, R. Solow, J. Kendrick, S. Kuznets, S. Fabrikant, I. Fisher, R Lucas and many other scientists. This concept is still being studied.
At its core, the theory of human capital offers a coherent system - a single grid to logically explain phenomena such as:
- The process of investing educational skills in the economy;
- increased demand for education and medicine;
- the dependence of the dynamics of wage growth on age;
- explanation of the reasons for the difference in wages by gender;
- The pattern of acceptance by generations of lack of equality in the steps of the economy.
The range of topics covered is very wide, but in fact they all do not exclude each other, but stem from the common root of the interaction of people in society and the ability of each person to integrate with society.
According to a simplified formula, the theory of human capital studies the processes of the qualitative evolution of mankind with the aim of their logical application and impact on the growth of the economy of all countries of the world. Neoclassical scientists have made a breakthrough by combining disparate links in one logical chain. Of course, this revolutionary economic system has priority areas for study:
- emphasis on the main directing investments by agents in the labor market;
- study of the entire life cycle of workers;
- A key economic resource is human time.
Today, almost all non-market components can be measured by the theory of human capital: health issues, educational deficiencies, migration policies, family conflicts, the growth of ethnic hatred and crime. The main factor is the thinking of the individual within the framework of society.
How is it more logical to apply investments in human capital in order to avoid possible mistakes in planning the economy and get a return on these investments? What is the point? The definition of "human capital" carries all the abilities, knowledge, skills and psychological motivations of an individual, acquired by him on all segments of his life. A person cannot be considered as packaging for a product that he produces, even if this product is a dissertation of a candidate of sciences.
There is no complete analogy between a certain amount of money and human knowledge. These capitals vary not only in form, but also in essence. Scientific progress is accelerating, this fact leads to some depreciation of human knowledge in the field of fundamental science. Accordingly, all the funds thrown into the learning process in a certain period of time, far from always keep pace with the rapid step of scientific thought, obsolete before use. The conclusion about some vain investment and wasted time suggests itself.
On the other hand, it would seem that training in any craft on the basis of a professional technical college is listed below, takes less time and has been viewed by society with a fair amount of skepticism to this day. Economists have calculated that it is the professionals of this level who plan to take off the economy of the future. In a certain period of time, society needs thinkers more, but more often a strong base of skilled workers-figures should be formed.
Only those investments made in human capital that are capable of bringing dividends to a person all their life can be considered successful. The role of this discovery of scientists in the formation of personal values of a representative of any society cannot be overestimated. But you need to remember the uniqueness of each person, about his individual capabilities.