Morphemic is one of the most interesting sections of the Russian language. To disassemble word forms by morphemes, determine the basics, conduct morpheme analysis - fascinating exercises. In the words of the Russian language there is a different composition of morphemes. The article will describe the words with two prefixes.
Word composition
The composition of a word can include morphemes such as root, prefix, suffix, postfix, and ending. In Russian grammar, a morpheme is defined as the smallest unit of those inherent in meaning. For example, -sya is a postfix denoting a return action, the prefix without- means the lack of something, the prefix gives the word the meaning of the lead time of something. There are word forms in which morphemes are strung on each other. For example, words with two prefixes, a root, a suffix and an ending: destitute, become weak, uninteresting.
Consoles in Russian
The prefix (aka the prefix) is a special morpheme in Russian. She is facing a root, in some cases between two roots. Unlike other affixes, it has great independence, since sometimes a side stress falls on it. For example, in the words ultra-pasteurized, aircraft construction, anti-crisis. Or words with two prefixes, where the emphasis falls on the first prefix: superconductor, superregenerator. Such prefixes, having side independent stress, are called prefixoids by some scientists.
Prefixes have homonymous prepositions, perhaps this explains their compatibility with any part of speech. If the suffixes in most cases relate to one or another part of speech, then the prefix is not. For example, the suffix -nik- is the suffix of a noun, -well- - the verb suffix, -yush is a participle; and the prefix, for example, can be in the noun ( increase ), in verbs ( come ), and in the adjective ( coastal ). Or words with two prefixes and two suffixes, where the prefixes do not depend on the part of the speech of the word form, and the suffixes on the contrary: re-elect, re-issue, invent, decorate.
Words with multiple prefixes
Words, which include several prefixes, are quite often found in Russian. For example, word forms with the bi prefix bi- . These are units of measure in which the prefix indicates the multiplication of a number by a power of two: kibibyte, exbibyte, gibibyte . There are words where the same prefixes stand nearby: hopeless, unknown. The prefix is often connected with others to give the word additional meaning. So, the words with the two prefixes the one before last, the forgotten, the day before yesterday have a common meaning, which the connected prefixes attach to - preceding something. The similar composition of words with prefixes po- and na , which often, joining the third prefix, give the word an additional meaning to the excessiveness of the action: to come around, think up, talk about it.
Words with two prefixes. 3rd grade
They begin to study the morphemic composition of words in elementary school. One way to draw students' attention to the topic is to define the morphemic composition of words often used by students. As a task for self-fulfillment, students are invited to choose word forms for certain patterns.
For example, a short text is given: A detective, notorious in this city, set to work, which they could not unravel for several years. The question concerned one of the leaders of a large company who was convicted of a crime. Because of this, they did not want to re-elect him for a new term.
In this text, you need to find words with two prefixes, root, suffix and ending. The correct answer: well-known and re-elected .
Parsing words with multiple prefixes
In the Russian language, which does not have long words, there are few words containing more than four morphemes. The main language stock consists of short words. However, there are words made up of many roots. For example, compound adjectives are electrometallurgical, four hundred and sixty-gram. Or words with several prefixes. For example, words with two prefixes, a root and an ending: presented, questioned, sold out . There are words with many suffixes, such as settling, to teach. Word forms, in which there are many morphemes, are rarely found in texts and speech. But they are, and there are quite a lot of them. It is important to be able to correctly divide word forms into minimal parts - morphemes. The algorithm of morphemic analysis helps in this:
- change the shape of the word to search for the ending;
- to build a word-formation pair to highlight a word-formation morpheme;
- select all transparent morphemes, for example, -sya, -l, -yash and others;
- pick up root words to search for a root;
- highlight the root;
- find words with the same affixes;
- Define affix boundaries.
This is an exemplary morphemic analysis algorithm. Some of its points may be omitted, depending on the specific word.
Unique consoles and other morphemes
The Russian language includes a group of words with the so-called unique morphemes, that is, those that are found in only one word. In some words, the root and morphemes are inseparable from each other: the root is found only with certain morphemes: to put on the root –– not free, to put on –– the root –– not free. Such roots are called connected, without affixes they do not occur.
There are unique affixes in the Russian language. Their appearance is connected with the history of the language, therefore this or that affix can be explained only through etymology. For example, the word year-old , in which there is a unique suffix -oval , is explained by the fact that earlier the language used the verb year-year , and the person who spent the year somewhere was called the year-old. There are words that explain the meaning of unique morphemes in which it is difficult. So, the suffix -av- in the word dubrava or the suffix -ac- in the word tricks are unique. Or words with two prefixes that are unique - these are the prefixes chu and ba in the words grimy and boast .