The has / have verb is one of the most commonly used in English, translated into Russian as “have”, “own”. In addition to these meanings, the word may take on a different meaning depending on the phrases and expressions in which it participates. Also, the auxiliary verb has is used in the formation of tenses such as perfect (Perfect Tense) and long perfect (Perfect Continuous Tense).
Basic rules of education and application
The verb have in English has three functional features:
• Full meaningful - the word is used independently, since it means the full semantic load of a state or action. The has verb has two forms in the present tense. Have is used for all persons (me, you, you, they, we), the exception is the third person singular. With nouns (brother, dog) and pronouns (he, she, it), the verb has is used. In the past tense, the word has the form had.
• Auxiliary - is used together with a full-meaning semantic word. As a service word, the verb has is used in the formation of such tenses as perfect and long perfect.
• Modal - expresses the attitude of a person, indicated by a noun or pronoun, to any state or action (desirability, necessity, probability, possibility, etc.).
The design is as follows: a noun or pronoun + the verb has, have, had (depending on time and person) + particle to + infinitive + other words.
Let's look at a few examples:
- He has to work very hard these 6 months. These six months he needs to work very hard.
- I have to be fully ready for it. I must be fully prepared for this.
- We had to sell our apartment in America. We had to sell our apartment in America.
- She had to behave herself more politely if she wanted to get this position in the bank. She should have acted more politely, since she wanted to get this position in the bank.
Constructions
The verb has got is the most commonly used construction with the given word. But this statement applies only to English speakers in the United Kingdom. The British use have got only in everyday conversation, and in official cases it applies to have / has.
Americans, in turn, also use this design, but in certain cases, if a person wants to strengthen the proposal. As an example, let's take the sentence “I have got a spaceship”: the speaker focuses the listener's attention on the fact that he was lucky to become the owner of a mysterious spaceship. Or the phrase “I haven't got any information”, thanks to which we understand that a person has nothing to answer to the questioner.
Phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is a phrase in which the main word is a denoting action, with an adverb or preposition that gives the verb a new meaning. Very often, the old meaning changes dramatically, and, except as memorization, it is impossible to remember the translation.
A list of commonly used phrasal verbs and persistent expressions with to have:
- have down - accept someone as a guest;
- have off - learn by heart, take time off;
- have on - to be dressed in something;
- have out - sort out relationships, remove (glands, teeth);
- have over - receive guests in your home, come to an end (usually something unpleasant);
- have up - call, prosecute;
- have breakfast (dinner, lunch) - have breakfast;
- have a coffee (tea) - drink coffee (tea);
- have a date (meeting) - invite for a date (make an appointment);
- have a lesson - attend a lesson;
- have fun - have fun, have fun leisure;
- have a haircut - cut your hair;
- have luck - succeed, be lucky;
- have a baby - give birth.
Perfect time
The times of the Perfect group can be safely called not like the others, since they do not indicate the period of any event, but an already completed action at a certain moment in the present, past or future.
The perfect tense is formed using the form of the has verb (third person singular) + the verb in the third form (past participle) or with the ending –ed. For other persons, it is only necessary to change has to have.
As an illustrative example, consider several suggestions:
- I have packed my things for tomorrow's journey. I packed my things for tomorrow's journey.
- He has fed two dogs and the cat already. He has already fed two dogs and a cat.
- Sister had written her schedule at 9 pm. At nine o’clock in the evening, the sister wrote her schedule.
- We shall have arrived there by the morning. We will arrive there in the morning.
Perfect long time
Perfect Continuous is not as popular as Simple Tense among English-speaking people because the construction is quite long. But to know the rules of education and use is very important. In some cases, a perfect long time can be replaced by a perfect one, but there are situations when such a substitution is simply unacceptable.
The feature of the Perfect Continuous group is that it is a combination of two aspects - perfect and long times - and indicates the duration of the action, but does not indicate the final moment of its completion. With the help of Present Perfect Continuous, we can tell when the action began in the past, thereby making it clear that it is still ongoing and may well happen in the future.
This time is characterized by words and expressions such as quite a while (long enough), lately (the other day, recently), recently (recently), all day (all day) and the prepositions since (since then, from, after ) and for (during).
For a better understanding, let's analyze the sentences with the use of Present Perfect Continuous:
- Father has been doing nothing since morning. Father does nothing in the morning (and is still busy with nothing).
- I've been working for two hours and want to relax finally. I have been working for two hours and I want to finally relax. (I started working two hours ago, the last two hours I worked, currently still working, but already want to relax.)
Activities for children and adults
Exercise 1. Insert in the have, has or had sentences:
1) She ____ an interesting magazine. She has an interesting magazine.
2) I ____ a wonderful day yesterday. Yesterday I had a wonderful day.
3) This toy ____ a terrible noise. This toy makes a terrible noise.
4) Your sister ____ a very beautiful dress. Your sister has a very beautiful dress.
5) Maria's house ____ only one floor. Maria’s house is only one floor.
6) They ____ health problems. They have health problems.
7) We will ____ a new computer! We will have a new computer!
Exercise 2. Insert in the sentences have got or has got:
1) We ____ a meeting at the university. We have a meeting at the university.
2) He ____ two options. He has two options.
3) My phone ____ several themes. There are several themes in my phone.
4) Their son ____ a flat in London. Their son owns an apartment in London.
5) I ____ a new set of glasses. I have a set of glasses.
Exercise 3: Compose interrogative sentences with have got and has got:
1) ____ you ____ a pen and a piece of paper? Do you have a pen and paper?
2) ____ she ____ a pet? Does she have a pet?
3) ____ we ____ some money? Do we have some money?
4) ____ this perfume ____ nice smell? Does this perfume have a pleasant smell?
5) ____ I ____ a couple of minutes? Do I have a couple of minutes?
6) ____ our mother ____ a bar of chocolate? Does our mom have a bar of chocolate?
7) ____ they ____ wonderful view from the window of their room? Do they have a beautiful view from their window?
Exercise 4. Translate sentences into English using have (got), has (got), had:
1) Do you have an umbrella?
2) Does the library have the necessary books?
3) Which of these boxes contains the medicine?
4) There are holiday pictures in that album.
5) Does she have a passport?
6) He has a bottle of water.
7) Which of you have children?
8) I have grandparents.
9) I used to have long hair.
10) We had a fun weekend.