Sometimes we use some words without understanding their meaning. When learning new terminology, it is necessary to recognize the correct meaning and use of definitions in life. In the article you will learn what the concept of "explicitly" means. This word is not too common, but you may come across it.
What it is?
The term “explicitly” is derived from the French word explicite, which means “definitely”, “clearly, clearly.” Basically, the use of this concept is applicable in linguistics and psychology. Explicitly is what is open, accessible, understandable. For example:
- The main problems in his work were not expressed explicitly for readers. (Explanation: “The main problem was not open / accessible to the reader”).
Explicitly is something external, superficial. Its completely opposite meaning will be the definition of "implicit", which means "confused", "incomprehensible", "implicit". For instance:
- This whole story has an implicit character. (Explanation: "History is confusing, incomprehensible.")
Synonyms for "explicitly" - it is "expressed", "explicitly." “Implicitly” will be considered an antonym in relation to a given word.
Explicit memory
Back in 1967, an American scientist and psychologist Richard Reber conducted an experiment. He demonstrated to a group of people sequences of letters composed according to a certain algorithm. For the purity of the experiment, the participants did not know anything about the algorithm. But still, people caught the pattern, albeit subconsciously, and easily recognized other letter combinations built on the same principle. So Reber found out that there are two main types of memory:
- Implicit is an unconscious memory based on skills, reflexes, memorization. For example, a father in early childhood spoke with his daughter in English. When she went to school and began to learn this foreign language, the words in the girl’s head began to play on their own.
- Explicit memory is when we remember something consciously. It usually takes effort and time to reproduce something from the past in your head. For example, in an exam we try to recall previously studied material.
Endel Tulving, a cognitive psychologist from Canada, believes that there are two types of explicit memory:
- Semantic is often used vocabulary, general knowledge.
- Autobiographical - these are memories of episodes from our lives. They are usually tied to a specific place and time span.
Explicit approach
There are several approaches to teaching grammar and vocabulary of foreign languages. One of them is explicit. What is its essence? This approach is rule based. It is divided into two types:
- Deductive involves first learning the rules, and then doing the exercises, that is, the process goes from general to particular.
- Inductive is from the particular to the general. The teacher gives the text with new grammar rules. The student must review and analyze it. Then, based on the context, try to formulate a new rule.
Both approaches have both advantages and disadvantages. The deductive method allows the formation of skills, and also bring them to automatism. Inductive contributes to the development of memory, helps to learn independently, analyze and draw the necessary conclusions.