All parts of speech in the Russian language are usually divided into two large groups: independent and official. Each of the groups has its own categorical attributes. Inside each word are divided into subgroups in accordance with their morphological characteristics. These signs are classified, studied by the linguistic section "morphology", and in the word they are identified on the basis of morphological analysis.
Morphological analysis of the verb is carried out in such categories as:
• general meaning: indicates the action of an item or process;
• a category of the type (perfect, answers the question: “what did / will the subject do?”, And imperfect, answers the questions: “what does / did / will the subject do?”);
• transitive category (transitive verb, if combined with a noun in the accusative case without an excuse, in the form of a genitive with the meaning of a part of the whole, with a negative particle. The rest of the verbs are intransitive);
• category of return / irrevocability (the verb is reflexive, if it has a postfix. Reflexive verbs are irrevocable!);
• conjugation category (the verb has two conjugations in total. The 2nd includes, according to the rule, 7 verbs that end in -t, verbs -it, 4 -at. In addition, there is a group of disjointed verbs. Other verbs are usually attributed to 1st conjugation);
• morphological analysis of a verb determines its inclination. Verbs have three moods:
- indicative, denotes the action that will take place, is happening now or is already happening;
- conditional, denoting the action that will occur under certain conditions. It is also called the subjunctive. An indicator of this inclination would be the presence of a particle in the verb;
- imperative, containing a request or order;
• category of time - present, future and past. Important! Verbs of a perfect form change in the present and future tense, and for an imperfect one all three tense forms. Tense is defined in verbs in the indicative mood;
• category of number. Verbs can be used in the singular and plural form;
• the category of person is also included in the morphological analysis of the verb; it is determined in the present and future tenses;
• genus category. The gender is defined in verbs in the singular indicative mood in the form of past or future tense;
• syntactic function (sentence member): a verb can play the role of almost all sentence members.
• Clarification: the infinitive, or the indefinite form of the verb does not possess the categories of imperative mood, time, face.
Parse scheme:
1. Recording a word, posing a question, indicating a part of speech, categorical meaning.
2. Record of the initial form, statement of the question.
3. Indication of the permanent signs of the verb.
4. Indication of inconsistent signs.
5. The morphological analysis of the verb ends with an indication of the syntactic role of the word in the sentence, and posing a question for it.
Verb and word formation
In addition to grammatical verbs, the verb has its own derivational features. Identify them makes it possible to parse the verb in composition. The order of analysis is as follows:
1. Highlight the basis of the word. To do this, the verb determines the ending or formative affixes, which are not included in the basis. These include the past tense suffix -l- and suffixes of indefinite form. Some linguists believe that the basis does not include postfixes -sya / -sy.
2. Next, the root / roots are allocated at the base.
3. The prefix / s, if any, stand out.
4. The word-forming suffix / suffixes is highlighted.
A more accurate analysis of word-building bricks gives a morphemic analysis of the verb, in which the so-called hidden ones are also taken into account, i.e. elements of the suffix or root revealed at the phonetic level.