Obninsk (Kaluga region) is at the junction of 3 regions: Borovsky, Maloyaroslavetsky and Zhukovsky. This is a young city that was transformed from the village on July 24, 1956.
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Obninsk - emphasis falls on the first syllable, and nothing else - did not arise from scratch. It got its name from the railway station Obninskoye, and it, in turn, from the name of the landowners Obninsky, who allowed to build a railway across their lands, which now connects Moscow and Ukraine. The Obninsky estate was the village of Belkino, originally owned by Counts Vorontsov and Buturlin. In the village was a beautiful house (not preserved) and the temple of Boris and Gleb. This educated family hosted the artist V. Serov, the poet V. Bryusov, who described the atmosphere of a summer day in the poem “On the Boundary”, mentioning the church of Boris and Gleb. V. Serov painted a portrait of the mistress with a bunny; it can be found in the artist’s works in 1904.
Nowadays there is a beautiful park with ponds, sculptures, gazebos - a well-kept holiday destination that Obninsk offers. The population of the surrounding neighborhoods is happy to visit it.
Turliki Manor
In the people it is better known as Morozova's dacha. It was bought from Obninskikh Margarita Kirillovna Morozova, nee Mamontov. It was built in a pine forest on the high bank of the Protva River. The magnificent building, in which Gothic and romanticism were mixed, was covered with red tiles and girdled on the ground floor with a balcony. Even now, dilapidated and requiring immediate restoration, it makes a strong impression.
The Obninsk administration, according to the public, should find funds to restore the mansion. During the war years, for some time there was the headquarters of Marshal G.K. Zhukov. Incidentally, he was a native of the village of Strelkovka, which is half an hour from Obninsk and in which a memorial to the great marshal is now built.
Bugra Manor
It was also built by Obninsky and subsequently sold to the artist P.P. Konchalovsky, who visited the owners in Belkino. P.P. Konchalovsky, carried away by gardening, planted varietal lilacs, which he later captured on his canvases. Here the painter was visited with the families of A.N. Tolstoy, A.A. Fadeev, S.S. Prokofiev, V.E. Meyerhold, A.P. Dovzhenko. The list goes on and on. And also much more can be reported information with which the history of the city of Obninsk is associated. But we are moving on to the 40s of the 20th century.
Nuclear project
After the war, the question arose especially sharply about the possibility of using the atom for both military and peaceful purposes. It was decided to create four institutes that, in conditions of special secrecy, will be engaged in nuclear research. One of them, which was called Laboratory "B", was located near Moscow, in the place where Obninsk is now. On April 27, 1946, Object B was created and surrounded by barbed wire. The composition of the workers was mixed. Young graduates of Soviet universities came, as well as scientists, engineers, laboratory assistants, mechanics from Germany. The scientific work was organized by Alexander Ilyich Leipunsky. In 1949, he moved from Moscow to an object and until the end of his life was the permanent scientific leader of the institute and the program for creating fast neutron reactors in the country.
Atmosphere of the first years
Graduates of Moscow State University, war veterans and talented scientists came to work, who were released from the camps. They were invited to get to the Obninskoye station (now it meets visitors to the Obninsk station). And then go right through the forest, without asking anyone anything, to the barrier. The first employees laid the foundation for the most important areas of atomic science and technology. They make up the pride of the city, and the streets of Obninsk bear their names: ul. Leipunsky, st. Lyashenko, st. Blokhintseva, pl. Bondarenko. But 70 years ago they were young, enthusiastic, passionate about the creative impulse. Every day he discovered a new one and set different tasks. It was breathtaking. And strict secrecy introduced an element of romance.
Theorists communicate
There was a liberal atmosphere in the theoretical department. Young people could work all night and stay in the morning if they needed to. The discharge from mental work was very original: playing leapfrog in the hallway, an energetic cancan, and even dancing on the tables. The Germans who worked side by side were measured and punctual. Brought together the general creativity and hatred of Nazism. So the future Obninsk population was international.
Nuclear power station - the first in the world
It was decided to equip it with a uranium-graphite reactor and a water cooling system. Cooling systems, by the way, look very original. From the side they seem like huge fountains. Work on the creation of speakers began in 1950. Round-the-clock activity has led to the fact that its creation took less than 3 years. I.V. Kurchatov often came to the construction site and conducted theoretical and practical developments. He lingered for a long time, so a house was built nearby for him, which has been carefully preserved to this day. On May 9, 1954, a chain reaction of fission of uranium nuclei began in the reactor. It was a victory.
And by July, the station began to give an electric current. This event was modestly noted - gatherings on the banks of the Protva River around a fire. There were no banquets. But the position of the AU was not declassified. In the 90s, the production of isotopes for medical purposes was debugged on the basis of this station. By that time, a large research institute of medical radiology had been working in the city for a long time, which specialized in the treatment of all types of cancer.
Construction and layout
The first office buildings and houses were built by prisoners. They were guarded by a small garrison with service dogs. The houses were built in the style of the Stalinist Empire. Four houses were placed around the perimeter of the square, and a cozy courtyard formed inside. Apartments in these three-four-story houses, despite the fact that they often require repairs, are very much appreciated these days. From one street that was once called Central Passage, and now has become Lenin Street, over the 60 years of its existence, the whole city of Obninsk has grown. Its population exceeded one hundred thousand people, which is 11% of the number of people living in the Kaluga region. It lives in Khrushchev’s houses, and in modern cottages, and in high-rise buildings that grow like mushrooms.
Obninsk is planned very strange. In the 70-80s, when visitors asked about where the center is, it was impossible to answer, because as such it was absent. But in the XXI century, he somehow decided. This is the area of ​​the Triumph Plaza shopping center and Aksenovskaya Square. The Obninsk administration has traditionally been in the "old city" since Soviet times. Obninsk is divided into microdistricts, each of which is easy to go around for half an hour by minibus or bus and view all its streets. They smoothly pass one into another, and various monuments and busts are placed on them.
And more recently, a monument unveiled on Triangular Square to the pioneers of nuclear energy.
What can a city visitor see
Attractions are outside Obninsk, such as Bird Park and Stone Park. Twenty minutes by car along the Warsaw highway with a turn at the place “Sparrows”, and you can spend the whole day looking at rare beauty pigeons, chickens, peacocks, smart raven who eagerly poses and flirts. Two thousand birds can’t be described in a nutshell. There is something to see in the park. It is equipped with a cafe and toilets.
Or you can come to the ethnographic park museum Ethnomir and see life-size palaces of all the peoples of the world. If someone Ceylon or China seems too far away, as the author living in Obninsk, then people will see their best buildings in this park, spread over a vast territory. Here you can put on a leather glove and take a picture with a falcon. And in winter, if there is snow, ride a team of huskies. Snow and heat will be discussed in the next paragraph.
Climatic conditions
According to statistics, the average January temperature here is 10 degrees below zero, and July - 19 degrees Celsius. The average annual humidity is at the level of 76-78%.
But recently, the climate has become unstable, and the weather is not happy. In recent years, Obninsk has celebrated the New Year with green grass, slightly powdered with a thin layer of snow. In the spring and summer, something strange is happening too. In April it is warm. May is cold; June is filled with daily cold rains. Everyone asks each other: "What did the Internet show next week? What will the weather be like?" Obninsk is waiting for heat in the summer and snow in the winter, and this is rare. How to explain this, no one knows. All blame on global warming. Or maybe this is due to the abundance of marshy soils, which are characteristic of the Kaluga region, where Obninsk is located?
When, finally, the air warms up, even the southerners cannot withstand this climate. Hot and humid. It’s good to have air conditioning in the apartment, then you can relax in it from the sweltering sticky moisture that covers the whole body on the street. But residents are already getting used to it. What is important in Obninsk is completely different.
Science city
The city of Obninsk is unusual, the population of which gradually gathered from all over the Kaluga region and other regions of the country. Someone came to serve the infrastructure, someone was invited to work in numerous research institutes. There are as many as ten. It all began, and this was described in sufficient detail, from the base enterprise - the Physics and Energy Institute. Now he is conceived. Science is poorly funded. Money is not allocated either for research or for raising salaries in the face of inflation. People are fleeing science because families need to be fed. Where to run? To trade. And now physicists, chemists, meteorologists, design engineers, specialists whom God himself ordered to develop new technologies are trading. And this is a disaster not only for Obninsk, but for the whole country.
The chairman of the city assembly expressed a very strange opinion on this in 2007: he was glad that the scientific experts had come to trade. According to the layman, this is absurd. In trade should work specialists who have graduated from higher trade educational institutions, Plekhanov Institute for example. But they cannot come to science. The outflow of young specialists from research institutes impedes the development of the country, and this is very bitter. Therefore, work in Obninsk concentrated in wholesale and retail enterprises. Well, another employment center for people with higher education offers vacancies for janitors and cleaners, universal hairdressers or security guards with a license. Such is the work in Obninsk. And everything is imposed, although it is against the law, age and gender qualifications. Let the female specialists be retrained as sales clerks, and if they are 56 years old, then there is only one road - revenge on the streets and mopping floors. Men have a few more choices, but only working specialties are offered that are not suitable for everyone.
Obninsk Index
Now not many private people write letters. But sometimes this happens, so you need to put the Obninsk index on the envelope - 249030. The last digit may vary depending on the number of the post office to which the addressee street belongs.
How to relax in Obninsk
There are many entertainment clubs, cafes and restaurants. They are scattered throughout the city. Usually, going into them, people leave their cars at home and order a taxi, which drives up almost at lightning speed. As a rule, a car call ends with the words: “Come out, in 2-3 minutes it will come to you ...”. Next, the brand of the car and its number are called.
It is enough for the driver to tell the name of the cafe, and he will bring him to the entrance. The most popular in the city is the youth entertainment club Sherlock Holmes. The atmosphere is full of cosiness; portraits of the famous detective are hung on the walls. There is live music on certain days. The charming singer Lily sings, who has a very feminine appearance, a pleasant strong voice, and well-organized movements. Sparing no energy, the girl, almost without interruption, works with full dedication. With her cheerful and lyrical songs, the evening flies like an instant.
The second most popular club is called "Loft". This modern room is designed in a shocking style that combines bohemian and underground. The club has a DJ who interestingly puts his programs. On Saturday and Sunday, live music is available. You can not only come as a couple, but also make an order for a party in advance.
Health clubs in Obninsk
Since olden times Obninsk is a sports city. The first settlers were fond of volleyball. There is a magnificent volleyball school, its pupils take part in international competitions, and AB was the best. Savin, Olympic champion, pupil of the coach and head of the Sports School V.V. Pitanova. But it is for children and adolescents.
And adults love skiing, and if the snow has laid down, then many have a day off on a ski trip.
But all year round you can engage in numerous fitness clubs with experienced trainers. Oakridge should be put in first place. It works according to European standards, but the prices are quite high. Recently opened a fitness club "USSR". It offers to play sports with the whole family, as there is also a children's room. In addition, there are pools for water aerobics.
Green City
On the territory, which was gradually built up, there was a forest. During the construction, the trees were treated very carefully, the utmost necessary was cut down. And now the city is filled with old trees and newly planted decorative shrubs.
We can say that almost in the center there was a large forest, which is called Guryanovsky forest. There are ski slopes. ABOUT! In the city you can also go skiing, as there is a corresponding route that descends from a high hill to the Protva River. There is a forest on Prospekt Mira and Aksenovsky Forest. The urban “Green Economy” is working wonderfully, the team of which is very small. The flower beds are filled with bright summer flowers. A landscape designer comes up with a lot of imagination and flower beds are very beautiful.
There was one last thing left: we must tell how to get to Obninsk. From Moscow from the Kiev railway station regularly go by train. You can get from the Teply Stan bus station. Buses run once every half an hour, the train - once an hour. The cost of tickets is almost the same. And in a personal car - along the Kiev or Warsaw highway.
Not all that can be told about the city is outlined in the article. It is beautiful and comfortable for living, there are many secondary schools and universities, including two music and art schools, as well as sports schools. Loud crimes do not happen, and life goes on calmly.