In the world there are many lovers of both prose and poetry. History knows many great people, poets and writers, whose talent still forces readers to rethink their lives with the heroes of the book. In this article, we will consider the work and a brief biography of the following cultural figures:
- Johann von Schiller.
- A.S. Pushkin.
- Nikolai Gumilev.
- Adam Mickiewicz.
- John Milton
- Francois Villon.
- A.A. Akhmatova.
- Federico Garcia Lorca.
- Rasul Gamzatov.
These people have made an invaluable contribution to the world of poetic culture.
Biography of Johann von Schiller
The great poets of the world, without a doubt, include the German poet and playwright Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller. His family was the most ordinary - his mother was the daughter of a baker, and his father was a regimental paramedic. Despite his dream of becoming a priest, Schiller graduated from the military academy and received the rank of regimental doctor.
Even as a student, Johann was engaged in drama, for which he was persecuted by the then authorities. Schiller's most famous poems were "The Robbers", "Fiesco", "Cunning and Love", "Don Carlos". Also, the German poet organized such literary publications as The Almanac of Muses, Ory, and Talia.
The famous works of Johann von Schiller and their interesting story
As mentioned above, one of Schiller’s most famous poems is “The Robbers,” “The Fiesco Conspiracy in Genoa,” “Cunning and Love,” and “Don Carlos.” The times were quite conservative, and in order for the whole world to recognize Schiller in the future, he had to fight for his passion for poetry.
Because the drama "The Robbers" was staged at the Mannheim Theater without the permission of the ruling Duke, Schiller was put on guardhouse and ordered to practice only medicine. One of the great poets of the world had to escape from the Duchy of Württemberg in order to continue to engage in creativity. Subsequently, the director of the Mannheim Theater concludes a contract with Schiller, according to which the future Johann becomes an official playwright at the theater and puts on his old plays, on which work was carried out even before fleeing the duchy - “The Fiesco Conspiracy in Genoa” and “Cunning and Love”. The latter was a resounding success.
The most famous Russian poet
This, of course, is the poet Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin. He was born in 1799 in a German settlement. The future great poet of the world grew up in a noble family, where his nanny and grandmother were mainly involved in his upbringing. Then he entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where the children of officials from the upper class studied. It was at Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum that Pushkin began to write his first poems, devoted mainly to friendship and companionship. His creative impulses were approved by his fellow lyceum.
In 1817, Pushkin graduated from the Lyceum and entered the public service, where in fact he simply was listed. He was a member of literary clubs such as Arzamas and Green Lamp; later he was exiled to the south for allegedly provocative activities, although he was not formally considered an exiled. For three years of the so-called punishment, he wrote such works as "Boris Godunov", "Prisoner of the Caucasus", "Song of the Prophetic Oleg".
Creativity A.S. Pushkin. December uprising
In the summer of 1823, Pushkin, one might say, was transferred under the care of Count Vorontsov, a talented nobleman changed his place of residence and moved to Odessa. Relations with the poet Alexander Pushkin’s poet were rather strained, which forced Vorontsov to send the ward to his mother’s estate under the supervision of the local authorities. The city by the sea gave way to solitude, which brightened up only communication with the Osipov-Wulf family and conversations with the nanny, who read poetry and fairy tales to him for long evenings. In fact, it was a link where Pushkin was formed as a realist writer. He works on such works as “Eugene Onegin”, finishes “Boris Godunov”, and also writes the famous poems “Davydova”, “On Vorontsov”, “On Alexander I”.
Later, he heard the news of the Decembrist uprising on December 14, 1825 and that many of his friends were arrested. Alexander Pushkin destroys evidence and autobiographical notes that he kept, so as not to increase the number of victims of persecution.
The fate of Nikolai Gumilyov
Gumilyov’s collections of poems were withdrawn from circulation in the early twentieth century with the advent of Soviet power. This poet believed that it was possible not only to influence the consciousness of people with the help of verses, but also to change the surrounding reality.
Nikolai Gumilyov can be safely called a great poet of the world, a legend of the Silver Age. His main idea has always been the triumph of fortitude over carnal desires. Throughout his life, Gumilyov set himself impossible tasks. He did this only because otherwise he did not receive the inspiration that motivated him to write brilliant verses.
He was born in Kronstadt, and after the resignation of his father, the family moved to St. Petersburg. From childhood, Nikolai was a rather painful child: he smelled too much and suffered from migraines. Despite this, he wrote his first verse, "Niagara Lived," at the age of six.
At the gymnasium, Gumilev was only keen on Nietzsche's poetry, which significantly affected for the worse his success in learning.
Silver Age Genius Creativity
After graduating from high school, Gumilev goes to Paris. He participated in the publishing of the literary magazine "Sirius", met with the masters of Russian poetry, who at first were skeptical about the work of the young poet. By the way, after his declaration of the poem "Androgin" they changed their minds.
In 1908, the writer went on a trip to Egypt. At first he acted like a typical tourist, and later, when the money ran out, he went hungry and lived on the street. Strange, but it was such a life that inspired him to write such verses and short stories as “Rat”, “Jaguar”, “Giraffe”, “Rhino”, “Hyena”, “Leopard” and “Ship”, which later became part of the collection of poems Gumilyov.
It is interesting, but before traveling abroad Gumilyov wrote a collection of poems called "Captains", whose common idea was a craving for travel.
Poetry of Poland
Adam Mickiewicz is a great Polish poet, the founder of Polish romanticism, one of the leaders of the national liberation movement in Poland.
Huge influence on the poet's work had folk tales of the Slavic peoples, which he heard from his servant. From childhood, he was interested in folk rites, which he went to look with his friend while still a schoolboy. One of Adam's first poems was a poem written on the occasion of the great fire in Poland in 1810.
Mickiewicz wrote such works as a collection of poems "Poetry", poems "Grazhina", "Dzyady", "Konrad Wallenrod". In 1824 he was sent into exile in Russia, where he began to communicate closely with the Decembrists, in particular with A.S. Pushkin. In exile, he wrote the third part of the poem "Dzyady" and the poem "Pan Tadeusz" which was inspired by the history of old Polish life and officially recognized as a masterpiece of verbal painting in Poland. He also taught Slavic literature in Paris. He was editor of the democratic newspaper Tribune de Ashes.
John Milton's Poems
John Milton - an outstanding figure in English journalism, who made a huge contribution to the development of English poetry. Unlike many great people, suffering did not suffer him at a young age, his life became more complicated much later.
His first poems are light and inspired. For example, L'Allegro ("Cheerful") and Il Penseroso ("Pensive") describe the same person in two different moods - elated and thoughtful. These are the first and last works of Milton, where there is a similar lightness.
Lycidas ("Lysidas") is a patriotic poem, the meaning of which is not only in the description of rural life, but also in love for the motherland.
Comus ("Comus") is Milton’s dramatic poem, revealing the versatility of the author.
Sarcasm in medieval literature. Is it possible?
Francois Villon is a representative of French poetry, which was distinguished by the sharpness of the verse, sarcastic, allegorical and gloomy humor. This presentation of his work made Villon a truly unique phenomenon in medieval literature.
His work was a reflection of his lifestyle - he regularly fell into dubious incidents, participated in all kinds of scams, got involved with bad companies. Once, with his classmates, he stole from the estate some countess's stone, which had a not quite decent name, which he devoted his first verse to. The poet’s most famous works are The Lesser Testament and The Big Testament, which playfully describe the values that Francois intends to leave to his descendants. Also known are his works such as “The Ballad-Prayer to the Virgin”, “The Ballad of Parisian Ladies”, “The Ballad-dispute with Frank Gaultier”, “The Epitaph or Ballad of the Hanged”, “The Ballad of Forgiveness”.
Anna Akhmatova
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova’s poems about love are familiar to everyone and at different times found a response in the heart of any woman. She said about herself that she was born in the same year as Tolstoy's “Kreutzer Sonata”, Charlie Chaplin and the Eiffel Tower. She survived two eras, the blockade of Leningrad, two world wars, a change of power. The first poem was written by Anna at age 11, and since then, poetry has become her vocation.
In 1912, the first collection of poems by Akhmatova, entitled “Evening,” was published. This first poetic experience of the girl was received with great interest by the St. Petersburg audience. In the same year, a son Lev Gumilyov was born to Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov, who later became a scientist.
Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, the second collection of the poetess, entitled "Rosary," was published. Oddly enough, love poems did not drown in the revolutionary events of that time, gained popularity and were reprinted eight times.
Federico Garcia Lorca
The life, death and poems of Federico Garcia Lorca are phenomena shrouded in mystery, incomprehensible at first sight. To reliably understand the motives of this person’s actions, it’s not enough just to read his biography. It is necessary to be imbued with his personality, to mentally experience the events of his life. This is a talented poet and playwright, musician and artist, and at the same time an ordinary person with an unusual fate. His talent as a poet is truly unique.
The Book of Poems is the largest collection of works by the poet. It was written much earlier than published. According to Lorca, these verses perfectly described the days of his youth. Federico was influenced by such famous poets as Jimenez and Machado. Lorca tries her hand in different genres. This is elegy, madrigal, ballad, romance. These peculiar poems, more similar to children's counters, later will become the basis for his poem, entitled “When Five Years Pass”. Federico Garcia Lorca was the author of such collections as "The Poem of Kant Hondo", "Gypsy Romancero", "Ode to Salvador Dali", "Funeral Cry for Ignacio Sanchez Mekhias", "Sofa Tamarita", "Poet in New York", " Sonnets of Dark Love. "
Rasul Gamzatov
Rasul Gamzatov was born on September 8, 1923 in one of the villages of Dagestan. For the first time, his talent manifested itself at a fairly young age, when an airplane flew over the village of Tsad, where the boy lived. Under the influence of emotions overwhelming Rasul, the first verse arose.
Creativity Rasul Gamzatov interested. The Bolshevik Gor newspaper was the first official publication to publish works of young talent. From school and during his student days, Rasul Gamzatov continued to publish in this newspaper. After graduating from university and receiving higher pedagogical education, Gamzatov began working as a teacher in a small rural school in Dagestan, which now proudly bears his name.
In 1943, the first collected works of Rasul Gamzatov were published. The poems were mainly on military subjects, and in them the young man admired the heroism of Soviet soldiers. The Great Patriotic War claimed the lives of both brothers of the poet, which was also reflected in his work and affected the further attitude to armed conflicts.