Many professions, especially those that are directly related to the need for constant communication with people, require mastery of oratory, rhetoric, and therefore, the culture of speech in general at a high level.
The culture of speech combines those qualities that are designed to have the maximum impact on the addressee, depending on the situation, goals and objectives. Thus, the quality of speech directly depends on the concepts:
- accuracy;
- understandability;
- right;
- expressiveness;
- wealth and diversity;
- purity of speech.
From the first three qualities follows the concept of logical speech, which is significant in terms of conveying information to the listener and ensuring its correct perception.
Logic speech implies the ability to consistently express thoughts. It is also necessary to consistently and reasonably express their content.
The logic of speech in its functions is similar to accuracy. Both of these qualities characterize the content associated with reality and thinking. But logic considers the construction of linguistic units, the very structure of speech at the angle of the laws of logic and the correct thinking, coherence and meaningfulness of sentences. There are two types of logicality: objective and conceptual.
Under the subject refers to the correspondence of the narrative regarding the relationship of phenomena and objects in reality. Conceptual logic correlates the adequacy of the construction of thought and its meaningful development. These two types are inextricably linked. Although they can be separated either intentionally, which is often found in fiction, fairy tales, mystical literature, or as a result of logical errors that can be made in the process of thinking.
The art of freely expressing one’s thoughts implies not only the logic of speech, but also the absence of errors.
The basic laws of logic, to which human thinking as a whole is subordinated, are observed in all styles of speech. Most strictly, these rules should be followed when presenting information in a scientific style, since the emphasized logic and uniqueness of statements is one of the specifically inherent characteristics that dictate the use and organization of language means of a scientific style. In the literary language, these rules are not so fundamental, and are sometimes deliberately violated to create deeper images of characters.
Mistakes in speech can be associated with poor language skills or stylistics. Again, sometimes they are quite justified in fiction.
Modern linguists distinguish between two types of norms: strictly binding (imperative) and supplementary, that is, not strictly binding (dispositive).
Imperative norms are mandatory, violation of them within the framework of the culture of speech is unacceptable, basically these rules relate to grammar (correct conjugations, declensions, stresses, childbirth and the like). These norms are characterized by strict uniqueness.
Dispositive norms do not have such restrictions and allow stylistically different or neutral options. Here the assessment takes place at the level of justification for the use of a language unit in the context of the use of a particular style.