Judo is not just a fight, but also a whole list of Japanese traditions. This kind of martial arts is rich in history like no other, and also has a code of honor for a real samurai. The history of judo, whose rules are not too complicated for beginners, began about 150 years ago.
Therefore, anyone who wants to engage in this sport should first familiarize themselves with the technical, moral and ethical part of the process. In Japan, this type of wrestling belongs to contemporary art, and its popularity has increased greatly over the past fifty years. Today, judo wrestling is in demand in the best police academies around the world, prestigious competitions are held every year. The sport itself is not too expensive, with the exception of rare techniques with special weapons. The main thing is the desire to do it.
Fight basics
To perform judo techniques it is not necessary to have an impressive mass or physical strength. The essence of the overthrow of the enemy is to use painful and suffocating techniques with the right approach. In this martial art, the main thing is technology, it is primary, and the most traumatic methods are performed only formally. Wrestlers just hone the sequence of actions. This process is called kata. There are eight forms of “kata" in total, each of which has its own purpose and will be considered in training. For a deep study of judo, you need to pay enough attention to the philosophy of struggle. This is the classic, traditional form of martial arts. And at the Olympic Games and other competitions you can see a sports variation of judo, where attention is paid to the implementation of techniques and the overthrow of the enemy.
A brief historical excursion
Judo was the first to be judged abroad in Japan by the United States, while teachers were invited to the country to train navy personnel. The unusual and effective struggle, which saves energy, was well received by military officers. Therefore, it is not surprising that the rumor of judo quickly spread throughout Europe, Latin America and even in India. For the first time, this type of wrestling was included in the Summer Olympic program in 1964. And among women, this sport has become popular since 1980, because it was then that they held the first world judo championship.
Philosophical context
Before learning the basic rules of judo, it is worth paying attention to its main principles:
- optimal use of body and spirit;
- mutual assistance and understanding for further development;
- give in to win.
It is in them that the deep meaning of martial arts is laid. In addition, the code of honor includes such concepts as sincerity, courage, modesty, self-control, fidelity. Therefore, if you lack one of these qualities, or you want your child to have them, feel free to write it down in judo. In the line of behavior of a real judoka, one can see the principle of the golden mean, knowledge of the measure, observation of others, decisive, but judicious actions. Judo rules include the student’s oath of following the laws of struggle and non-disclosure of the teachings of the master.
Technical training
From a technical point of view of judo, the rules are simple. Training takes place on a special “ring” - tatami. Its size is 8 x 8 meters plus a protective three-meter zone around the perimeter. A sign of respect for the enemy is a bow at the beginning and at the end of the battle.
But you need to bow several times, before entering the different areas of the tatami. The form of a judoka is judogi or kimono, which consists of a jacket, pants and a belt. A set of white (for international competitions) or blue. As for shoes, do not worry, because the wrestlers are doing barefoot.
The referee judges the bout using professional Japanese terms: “yuko”, “shido”, “matte”. The worst of them is Hansoku-make, which means disqualification for using forbidden tricks. Before stopping the fight, several warnings may be made to the fighter. Also, the referee has several ratings in his arsenal: “Ippon” (undeniable victory), “Waza-ari” (half “Ippon” or 20 seconds of holding the opponent), “Yuko”, “Coca”. There is a Japanese name for each reception, gesture or action of a judge. For beginners, they may seem too complicated.
But this is only 60-80 words, so to understand what is happening they will have to learn over time. In general, judo, the rules of the duel of which includes 30 articles, can be mastered in a couple of years of hard training. Although the international community annually adds some changes and makes changes. So, since 2015, a new assessment of the rating of judges in competitions has come into play. And in 2016, the rules of judo competitions expanded somewhat, supplemented the list of prohibited receptions. Painful techniques on the legs can not be performed. Now grabbing a leg from the start of a fight is punishable by disqualification. Although an important nuance is that not every such technique is perceived by the judges as a violation of the rules. It is allowed to use it in case of continuation of the previous attack, as well as if the enemy used a cross grab over his shoulder.
Features in children
Judo rules for children are not much different from adults. This is not the kind of struggle in which a child can seriously suffer. A larger number of techniques are used in the form of “cut”, that is, in a purely experimental form. Judo wrestling, the rules of which involve collecting a large number of points, has its own technique. It includes standing wrestling, lying wrestling and throws.
By categories, it is divided into “kata”, “randori”, “siai”. The basics can be learned using the Kihon section. It includes competent movement on the tatami, self-insurance and even first aid to the victim. Judo rules for children will not seem complicated, they will be defeated by a first grader. In addition, defense skills in life will not hurt anyone. You can record a child in the section from the first grade, then it will be possible to effectively combine small school loads with training. Usually for beginners, they take place 2 times a week, it does not take too much time.
Attack principles
In judo wrestling, approximately forty basic throws are used. Techniques include techniques for immobilizing, strangulation, and hit on pain points. Judo rules for children under 13 exclude a detailed study of the methods of strangling the enemy and the impact on pain points.
Therefore, this type of struggle is considered one of the safest. This sport affects the harmonious development of the child, the formation of moral-volitional qualities, arouses interest in sports. In the sections, they are taught to withstand difficulties, the correct fall, unsettling the opponent and some types of throws. It is important to predict and get ahead of the enemy’s thoughts. This is the main component of the attack. You can also try to unbalance him. And then use 10 forms of a full attack.
All methods, in turn, are also divided into different subgroups depending on the opponent’s fall (on his back, on his side), on the attacker's initial position (standing, lying). The part of the body that is most used in the reception (arms, thighs with lower back or legs) matters. The painful aspects of judo, the rules of struggle allow their use, are divided into nodes, levers. Knots mean maximum “twisting” of the enemy’s joints, and leverage means extension over physiological capabilities. You can strangle the enemy by blocking the airways or blood supply (pressure on the carotid arteries). But in international competitions and in training, these techniques are not used (only in the form of a “kat”). In general, the training of judokas allows you to play in the category of mixed martial arts. Although in judo the rules are more loyal than in other contact martial arts, the weight category of a wrestler is taken into account.
World recognition
Cup tournaments and the Olympic Games allow athletes to achieve a high level of professionalism, which is determined by the color of the belt. The most honorable ones are black, red-white and red “Dana”. And for beginners, there are degrees of kyu and white, yellow, green belts.
Federations of some countries may have their own color scheme of belts. The highest available for athletes is the tenth dan, it is awarded by the Kodokan, and it is owned by 16 people around the world.
Competitive system
Judo is a mandatory discipline in the Japanese police, in other countries it is a revered sport. On it pass the world championships, "Grand Slam", "Grand Prix". Physical training is evaluated in the technique of combating the enemy. And the technical side in the "kata" section. Competitions are held in personal and team confrontations. A large number of judo schools around the world gave rise to new techniques, which over time grew into separate branches of martial arts.
Thus, judo, the rules of which we are studying today, became the founder of sambo, ju-jitsu, kosen-judo. But this sport is still in demand and relevant.
Judo Benefits
To engage in such a meaningful sport as judo is not only useful, it also helps to form the right outlook on life. His philosophy will help to understand what is good and what is bad. It is especially necessary to instill such qualities in childhood. This is an example and guideline for any person, and sports achievements and self-defense capabilities will become an indisputable advantage on the tatami and in life.