Can you answer the question of what unites the ship's bell, the medieval squire-bodyguard, the river on the Kola Peninsula and the bay in the Primorsky Territory? Probably not.
Common to all these concepts is the name - marketda. This is one of those cases when in Russian the noun can be either a proper noun or a common noun. Let's find out what the meaning of this word is, how and when it appeared in our language.
Origin of the word
There is no unity among linguists as to the origin of the word “market”. Some insist that it came from the Old Slavonic “bawling” - “shaking”. Other philologists claim that it may have been borrowed from medieval German, and the market town is the word ridder, modified in sound, “knight”.
Another hypothesis claims that the word "market" has been translated into Russian from English. The Russian sailors, trained by the British in maritime affairs, transformed the ring the bell team into a more understandable and easily pronounced “market for the beat”.
However, we will leave to historians and philologists disputes on etymology, and we will understand what the meaning of the word “market” is, in what cases it is used.
Let's start with the oldest historical value.
Palace rank
Today, princes of the pre-Petrine era, who were called princely squire-bodyguards, were called markets, mainly by scholars studying Russian history of the 16th-17th centuries. It turns out that the market is a court position that only young men from wealthy and influential families could occupy. Their main task was to accompany and protect the ruler during travels and various trips. During important receptions in the palace, they lined up on both sides of the throne of the owner. Rynds were always dressed in ceremonial clothes and armed with heavy ax-reeds. At the beginning of the XVIII century, this post was abolished.
In modern Russian, the word “market” in the meaning of “bodyguard” or “squire” is not used and is historicism.
Navy habits
Today, when they say "ship's bargain", they mean the ship's bell, which since the time of Peter the Great has equipped every ship. Submarines were no exception.
In fact, if we say all the rules, then the bazaar is not the bell itself, but its sound, which should symbolize the beginning of a new day on the ship. Thus, the name used over the centuries for the ship's bell - bazaar - has already become traditional.
Despite the fact that all modern ships are equipped with more modern warning systems, the market is still used on both river and sea vessels in difficult situations, for example, when driving in fog or when an emergency occurs on board.
When did she appear in the Russian fleet?
During the time of Peter I, who was actively developing the Russian fleet and studying with foreigners the art of navigating Russian sailors, a ship market appeared along with new terms, commands and rules. The Russian sailors of the sailing fleet, on the ships of which the English team “ring the bell” was used, performed it without thinking much about the meaning. Over time, an incomprehensible foreign team turned into a shorter one - the “hit market”.
Main functions
The bell market played an important role in the life of the ship and served not only to determine the time, but also to gather a team to build or on alert, to indicate its presence in a storm or fog. In addition, sailors consider it a kind of mascot of the ship and cherish it.
A bazaar is set on the bow of the ship, and the name of the ship is applied to it. To determine the time, the sailors “beat the bottles” every half hour. This is due to the fact that before the ships were only hourglass with a maximum interval of 30 minutes. A special sailor kept track of the moment when sand was poured from the upper bowl into the lower one, turned the clock over and beat the flasks. The ship charter clearly defines how many bottles to beat, since the fleet divides the day into four time periods, each of which beats off a strictly defined number of strokes. So, at 12 noon, that is, at noon, they beat three times.
For mariners, the bargain is not only and not so much a signal tool. Usually this is a talisman, on the outside of which, as mentioned above, is the name of the ship.
Marine features
Sailors are a superstitious people, and there are many signs associated with such an important ship symbol as the bazaar, in which they still believe:
- One of the most ancient signs that came back from sailing ships, it is believed that with a strong jingle of the ship market you can calm down a strong storm and drive away the raging sea devil.
- If for some reason the ship changes its name, then the market remains the same with the old name.
- In the event that a child was born on the ship, then he was often baptized either to the sound of the ship's bazaar, and sometimes in her own.
- When the ship's bell pops or rings for no reason, the crew will be in for some troubles and problems.
- Anyone who steals or damages the ship market will bring harm to himself.
- Hear the ringing of the ship's bell of a sunken ship - to serious trials or to death.
Geographical Names
But, in addition to historical and maritime significance, the market is also used in geographical names. On the map of Russia there is Rynda Bay on Russky Island in the Primorsky Territory and a river of the same name on the Kola Peninsula. It is interesting that the name of the river, apparently, came from the old Russian “cry”, meaning “shake,” but the bay got its name in honor of the Russian armored corvette “Rynda”, which sailed in the Pacific Ocean in the 19th century.
The Rynda River is located in the northeast of the Kola Peninsula and flows into the Barents Sea.
The course of this river is quite active, and it has three beautiful waterfalls. The upper part of the coast is steep, rocky and high, and the rapids are interspersed with holes. In the lower part of Rynda, the shores are more gentle and lower. Both rapids and waterfalls provide enough opportunities to “bawl”. This river is famous for its fishing; large Atlantic salmon and sea trout enter it, trout and Arctic char are inhabited. In the reaches of the upper sections there are a lot of burbot, pike and perch.
In the Primorsky Territory, on the Russian island, which is part of the city limits of Vladivostok, there is Rynda Bay, a photo of which you can see below.
It belongs to the waters of the Sea of Japan and is located in the western part of the island, between the bays of Voevoda and Babkin. The rocky and steep coastline of Rynda Bay is about 5 kilometers long; along it are beaches that have long been popular with locals. Here there are: a mooring for boats, a tourist base, as well as a paid beach with the interesting name “Rybakov Rest House”. According to reviews by fishing enthusiasts, it is here that flounder bites best.