Unfortunately, modern production is not without accidents. However, there are special instructions that can help prevent disasters. Consider the basic rules of industrial safety.
General information
In 1993, the International Labor Organization developed a convention for the prevention of major accidents at industrial enterprises and recommendations for their prevention. The obligation to work to prevent disasters in Russia is regulated by Federal Law No. 116 of July 21, 1997. Its provisions enshrine the basic norms of industrial safety.
Classification
According to Art. 2 of this law, enterprises or their workshops, sites, plots, as well as other premises, where:
- The receipt, processing, use, creation, transportation, storage and destruction of harmful substances in certain volumes is carried out. These include toxic, explosive, combustible, oxidizing, flammable and other compounds.
- Equipment is used whose operation is carried out under a pressure of more than 0.7 MPa or at a temperature of water heating greater than 115 degrees.
- Stationary lifting mechanisms are used, as well as funiculars, cable cars, escalators.
- Get melts of non-ferrous and ferrous metals and alloys based on them.
- Mining and mineral processing works are carried out, as well as activities in underground conditions.
It should be said that in institutions that are not related to industry, the most common are such production facilities as lifting mechanisms, pressure equipment, elevators and other hazardous structures.
Normative base
Industrial safety of hazardous production facilities includes measures to prevent accidents and incidents. The latter concept means damage or failure of technical units, deviation from the process. An incident is considered a violation of safety requirements. Legal regulation in this area, as mentioned above, is carried out by the provisions of the Federal Law No. 116. In addition to it, industrial safety rules are contained in other regulatory acts of the industry. If the international treaty of the Russian Federation contains other provisions, in practice higher world standards are subject to application.
The provisions of the law apply to all organizations that carry out activities in the field in question, regardless of their form of ownership. Other regulatory acts that mention industrial safety requirements are primarily documents that are approved for economic, organizational, legal and other support for the implementation of the provisions of the law.
General events
Industrial safety and labor protection provide for certain responsibilities for entities involved in this industry. These primarily include organizations operating the production facilities.
Operating organizations
Enterprises using hazardous production facilities are required to:
- Have permits (license) for the use of space.
- Ensure the staffing of specialists who are involved in the industrial enterprise, according to the established requirements.
- Allow people who meet the necessary qualifications, do not have medical restrictions or contraindications to work, to work.
- Provide timely and complete training and certification of specialists in the field of industrial safety.
- Organize and monitor compliance with instructions and recommendations established by law.
- Have normative acts and technical documentation governing activities at a hazardous production facility.
- Ensure the availability and functioning of control devices and systems.
Preventive measures
Industrial safety and labor protection include certain measures, the implementation of which helps to prevent or reduce the likelihood of disasters. These works include:
- Provision of building expertise, diagnostics, tests, surveys of technical devices and structures used in the work. For these events, certain dates and procedures are established. The examination is carried out on the basis of a presented order of the federal executive body that exercises supervision in the field in question, or of its territorial division.
- Prevention of unauthorized persons entering the hazardous object.
- Enforcing storage instructions.
- Development of a declaration of industrial safety.
- Conclusion of liability insurance risk insurance contracts during the operation of a hazardous production facility.
- Fulfillment of the instructions and orders of the federal executive body for control in the area under consideration, its territorial divisions and officials, given in accordance with the authority.
Liquidation
Industrial safety of hazardous facilities includes measures to eliminate the consequences of disasters. In particular, the law prescribes:
- Suspend activities at the enterprise independently or by order of the federal executive control body, its territorial divisions and officials in case of emergencies, the discovery of new circumstances that affect the level of risk.
- Carry out measures to eliminate and localize the consequences of disasters at facilities, provide assistance to state bodies in investigating the causes of emergency.
- Participate in the technical identification of the factors resulting in the accident, take measures to eliminate them and the subsequent prevention of situations.
- Provide timely information to the population, territorial government bodies, supervisory authorities and other organizations authorized in the field of industrial safety about the disaster at the enterprise.
- Take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of the health and life of specialists in case of an accident.
- Provide information to the federal executive control body or its territorial unit about the number of incidents and accidents, about the causes of their occurrence, as well as about measures taken to eliminate the consequences and prevent repeated emergency situations.
Industrial safety of production facilities: employee responsibilities
Employees of these enterprises must:
- Follow the instructions and regulations provided for in legal acts and normative technical documentation, which establish standards for the conduct of work, the procedure for the occurrence of an incident or accident.
- Pass certification and training in the field of industrial safety.
- To inform the immediate supervisor or other officials in the established manner about the incident or accident.
- Suspend work in case of emergency.
- To take part in the implementation of measures to eliminate the disaster at a hazardous industrial facility.
Company managers are required to take all measures provided for by law to maintain the compliance of staff with the schedule approved in accordance with instructions and recommendations.
Qualification requirements
Industrial safety of hazardous production facilities includes timely training and retraining of employees. Qualification requirements for specialists are established by the provisions of the job descriptions, as well as tariff and qualification guides. Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities implies that workers have special skills and special knowledge. In this regard, certain rules are established for certain categories of specialists involved in a particular industry. The instructions in accordance with which the industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities is ensured are approved by the regulations adopted by Rostekhnadzor.
Finally
Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities includes not only direct measures to protect the population and employees of the enterprise, localization and liquidation of the consequences of disasters, but also the development and approval of special programs aimed at protecting property and human health. Specialists should be trained in the actions that must be performed when an emergency occurs. Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities provides for training in conjunction with certification of employees.