The Republic of Mordovia is a subject of the Russian Federation, which is territorially part of the Volga Federal District, and is also part of the Volga-Vyatka Economic Region. Today we will study this area in more detail, plunge into its history, learn about the climate and attractions, development plans, the level of average wages and old-age pensions, as well as what number the region of Mordovia has (car code).
Geography: time zone and climatic conditions
The Republic occupies part of the East European Plain. It has borders with such constituent entities of the Russian Federation:
- Nizhny Novgorod region - in the north;
- Chuvashia - in the northeast;
- Ulyanovsk Region - in the east;
- Penza - in the south;
- Ryazan region - in the west.
The Mordovia region covers an area of more than 26 thousand km². In addition to the capital, Saransk, the republic also includes two cities of republican significance - Kovylkino and Ruzayevka.
The region has a temperate continental climate. Due to the lack of relief obstacles, the territory is subject to both southern and northern air masses. This, in turn, affects the average temperature: it can vary significantly during the season. For example, in winter, vary in the range +4 ...- 27 ° C, and in summer stay in the range +17 ... + 31 ° C.
The republic is in the time zone, which is designated as MSK (+3: 00) by the international standard.
Flora and fauna
The Mordovia region is rich in flora and fauna. Broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forests prevail in the western part of the republic. In the central and eastern regions there are many meadow steppes and shrubs.
Flora in the republic is represented by more than 1,200 species of vascular plants. Here you can observe several species of moths, horsetails, fern-like and gymnosperms. There are a lot of grassy flowering representatives, and trees and shrubs are much smaller. The main breeds:
- spruce;
- Pine;
- larch;
- English oak;
- maple tree-shaped;
- ash;
- fluffy and warty birch;
- elm;
- small-leaved linden;
- alder;
- black poplar.
The fauna of the region can also be called rich. More than 60 species of mammals live in the Republic of Mordovia, 35 of which are rare. There are about 267 birds (70 rare), and 44 species of fish. A lot of different types of insects - there are more than a thousand of them. But amphibians and reptiles live quite a bit.
Representatives of forest fauna:
- boar;
- Elk;
- marten;
- lynx;
- capercaillie;
- white hare;
- woodpecker;
- grouse;
- tit;
- thrush.
Far fewer inhabitants of the steppes. Among them there are speckled ground squirrels, mole rats, steppe pestle and large jerboa.
History of the Mordovia region
The republic is relatively young, it was founded in 1930. The Mordovian people did not have their own state until the 20th century - this is such an interesting phenomenon.
Western European historians in their 13th-century writings mention two Mordovian princes, while Russian chronicles contain information about the “Mordva Purgasova” between the rivers Tesha and Marsha, where perhaps the Finno-Ugric Mordvinians lived.
In the 1920s, there was a need for the formation of autonomies taking into account the nationalities of the peoples who supported the new regime and actively participated in the battles on the side of the Bolsheviks. Such was gratitude for the assistance rendered in the suppression of opponents. But the problem was that it was impossible to single out the territory with the predominant number of the Mordovian population - the people lived on the lands of 25 provinces. Within three years, starting in 1925, more than three dozen Mordovian counties were formed in the territories of the Penza, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod and Ulyanovsk provinces.
Further, the division of the Middle Volga into regions began to occur. In this regard, in the 28th year of the 20th century, the Saransk District was formed as part of the Middle Volga Region. Later it was renamed Mordovian. Also included in the district are counties and volosts, where the Mordovian people who previously belonged to the above provinces lived.
In 1930, the autonomous Republic of Mordovia was formed. The region, as it is now, was "developing" gradually: some administrative units of Mordovia, in which the Russian population lived, were transferred to neighboring regions, and vice versa. When the formation was completed, they chose the capital. It became the city of Saransk.
At the end of 1934, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee officially created the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1993, it became known as the Republic of Mordovia.
Population and human settlements
According to Rosstat for 2018, the population of the region is slightly more than 800 thousand people. Of these, more than 53% are Russians, 40% are Mordvinians, and slightly more than 5% are Tatars.
Mordovia includes 22 districts and 3 cities of republican significance:
- Saransk.
- Kovylkino.
- Ruzayevka.
In total, there are 7 cities, 13 urban settlements and 1,250 rural settlements in Mordovia.
Economic development
In recent years, there has been a positive trend in all sectors of the economy. Investments are growing, interest from foreign investors is increasing, which has a positive effect on the development of the region. The Republic of Mordovia, what it used to be and what it is now, seems to be completely different worlds, which is especially true for farmers. Indeed, production growth in this industry amounted to more than 100%. The volume of work in the construction industry grew by 15%. It is also worth noting that today Mordovia is one of the leading regions in terms of the share of innovative products.
The main industrial sectors are engineering and metalworking. The iron foundry, chemical, petrochemical, light and food industries are less developed. Agriculture is not inferior - the agricultural sector of Mordovia is one of the leading producers of eggs, milk and cattle in the country.
Minerals
In Mordovia, there are three mineral deposits:
- Alekseevskoe - cement raw materials.
- Natural accumulation of phosphate rock, oil shale.
- Atemar limestone deposit.
Standard of living, average salary and pension
In connection with the positive dynamics of economic growth, it was possible to raise the standard of living of the population, increasing wages and social benefits. It happens that solving one problem automatically helps to cope with another. For example, in 2016, as mentioned earlier, the volume of work in the construction industry grew by 15% and exceeded the mark of 27 billion rubles. This was facilitated by the launch of the preferential mortgage program at 5% per annum. That is, people have their own housing, and the economy of the republic is growing rapidly.
Also in 2016, the government of the Mordovia region set the task to ensure the growth of wages ahead of inflation. And it was possible to do this: the first of them grew by 7%, and the second amounted to only 5.5%. Further improvement is planned.
For 2018, the average pension is 8194 rubles, and the salary is 24 807. The Mordoviyastat website says that among the regions of the Volga Federal District, the republic takes the last, 14th place in this indicator. In fact, it turns out that not everything is so smooth, but, on the other hand, Mordovia has something to strive for.
Religion
On the territory of Mordovia live people professing Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Judaism. Most of them are Orthodox. The region is represented by three dioceses: Saransk, Krasnoslobodskaya and Ardatovskaya. The central temple of the capital - Cathedral of St. the righteous warrior Theodore Ushakov.
sights
To the question of where the homeland begins, the Mordovian people will answer - from nature. Perhaps there is nothing more valuable to them than forests, steppes, fields, meadows, groves, rivers and lakes. These are really the main attractions of the region, as the wide panoramas of countryside landscapes act in a conciliatory and able to inspire.
Mordovia also has many important historical and cultural sites. Many of them have the status of monuments of federal significance.
St. Andrew's Barrow in the Bolshegnatovsky district is one of the largest and oldest archaeological sites. In the Lambirsky district, the Atemar defensive rampart, erected in the 17th century, was partially preserved.
It is impossible not to mention the most beautiful majestic monastery ensembles. One of them, Sanaksarsky, is located near Temnikov. The second, Makarov Monastery, in the suburbs of Saransk. These are spiritual centers of all-Russian significance. In the Sanaksar Monastery, the relics of St. Fedor Ushakov - Admiral's Warrior. Also on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia there are dozens of churches built in the period of the XVIII-XIX centuries, which are architectural monuments.
At leisure, tourists can visit such interesting places:
- Museum of Local Lore named after I. D. Voronin.
- Theatre of Drama.
- Art Museum.
- Musical Theater named after I.M. Yarushev.
- Museum of combat and labor feat.
- Library named after A.S. Pushkin.
- Museum of the locomotive depot.
- Mordovian reserve.
- Park named after A.S. Pushkin.
- Inerka Lake.
- Monument to E. Pugachev.
- Stadiums "Start" and "Mordovia Arena".
Mordovia region car code
Since January 1, 1994, the Russian Federation has adopted the standard number plate of vehicles. Each subject of the Russian Federation has its own number. Since the republic is part of Russia, a unique code is also provided for it: Mordovia - 13 region. The increase in the number of vehicles throughout the country forces to allocate new numbers. For example, St. Petersburg, as a territorial unit, owns codes 78, 98 and 178.
The second number of the Mordovian region is 113.