Deal with what is involved party, how this design is emphasized, how to properly disassemble such a proposal in composition, not everyone gets the first time. To learn how to work with this grammatical unit, you need to turn to its origins.
What is participle?
When considering this issue, you should first find out what the gerimony is in general. It is understood as an independent part of speech, which in Russian is interpreted as a special form of the verb. The lexical meaning of the participle is an action of a secondary nature, performed simultaneously with the main one.
The participle has the attributes of an adverb and a verb. From the first part of the speech, it took immutability, as well as the syntactic role in the sentence - circumstance, and from the second - the categories of recurrence and transition. Typically, you can ask the following questions: “How?”, “What have you done?”, “What have you done?”.
Learning the Russian language: adverbial circulation and adverbial participle
The participle in the Russian language arose in connection with the appearance of a short form of one of the cases of the sacrament. When the impersonal participles in the Old Russian language lost their forms of declension, they became verbal participles that possessed the attributes of a verb, in particular tense. Today they are used with the ending "-with", which appeared from reflexive verbs.
The participle turnover, the questions to which coincide with those for a single participle, is a bunch of words "participle + dependent word", where any part of speech can act as the second component. In this case, the dependent word will often play a secondary role in the sentence.
Syntax function
The participle turnover is distinguished by commas from two sides and, as a rule, plays the role of circumstances in the sentence. It is very important to be able to distinguish the participle from the single participles, close in function to adverbs that have the meaning of a mode of action (in the sentence they are also circumstances, but they are not isolated). If someone asks you what the gangster revolution is, as he and his components are emphasized, you can answer that this is done with a dotted line with a dot.
Some participles may not be isolated. We are talking about those units that are very closely related to the predicate in their content and form the core of the statement contained in the sentence. The participle sentences, which are proverbs, are also not isolated (according to the rules of Russian spelling).
Rules of the participle turnover
The participial revolution can be located in the sentence before the verb that fulfills the function of the predicate, and behind it. Regardless of where it is located, it should be highlighted with commas on both sides. For example: "Masha, opening a jar of jam, poured it into a beautiful vase and set it on the table." The sacramental participle “having opened the jar of jam” is in front of the predicate and stands out with commas.
Some similar constructions may be located behind the subordinate or compositional union, as well as behind the union word. In this case, they are also separated by a comma, while the turnover can be removed at any other end of the sentence, the general meaning of which in this case does not suffer. For example: "Life is so cruel to people that, not knowing how to grieve, it is impossible to learn to love." In this case, the sentence can be changed: "Life is so cruel to people that it is impossible to learn to love without knowing how to grieve." The meaning of the proposal remained the same, only the order of the components was changed.
Exception cases
Some schoolchildren and students quite often make mistakes in participial turnovers without information about exceptions. We are talking about cases where such a design is located in the proposal for the opposing union “a”. In this case, it cannot be moved to any other place of the proposal, since the structure of the latter will completely collapse.
If the party involved was between two opposed homogeneous members of the sentence, which are connected using the opposing union “a”, it should be separated by commas on both sides. For example: "The old does not disappear anywhere, but, transforming in modern conditions, continues to live among people."
Isolation
After you know what the ad-participatory turnover is, how its components are emphasized, it's time to get information about cases of isolation of these structures. The turns in which the particles “only” and “only” are included have a peculiarity. Particles are separated intonationally from the ad-participial circulation, however, they are separated along with it.
If you are faced with two participles that are connected using a single union “and”, be aware that they are not separated by a comma, but behave as homogeneous members of a sentence in similar cases. For example: “Once, traveling across the blue stormy sea and feeling satisfied, he was faced with the unforeseen ...”.
Difficult cases
When not two active participles are connected, but one turnover and other constructions (predicates, simple sentences, etc.), the union is separated by a comma, thereby returning isolation of the participial turnover. For example: "He sat on the steps, yawning slightly, and thought that tomorrow he would again have to go to hated work."
If in similar cases a pair of participial revolutions is connected using the union-free connection, it is necessary to clarify the semantic meaning of the sentence. Only on the basis of it will it be possible to determine to which particular predicate each turn can be attributed. In this case, between the structures should not stand any punctuation mark.
When does the participle turnover not stand apart?
Once you understand what gangway is, as this fragment of the sentence (dot-dash-dot-dash) is emphasized, you should deal with the most difficult situation in which the design is not highlighted by commas. There are few such cases, but their existence makes us be especially careful.
If the participial revolution is too closely connected with the verb in its lexical meaning and together with it forms the thesis of the whole sentence, it is not isolated. For example: "The Ivanovs lived without quarreling with anyone." Most importantly, they lived without any quarrels, i.e. close connection with the verb is observed.
How not to make a mistake?
The rules of the participle turnover provide for structures that are not distinguished by commas. For example, phraseologisms: “He worked through the sleeves” or “Lying staring at the ceiling”. In this case, there are exceptions, for example, frozen expressions that play the function of introductory constructions: “apparently”, “more simply put,” etc.
The ad-participatory revolution may not be distinguished by commas on both sides if it is preceded by a “and” particle with amplification semantics. For example: "You can remain humble and defeating a serious enemy." In this case, no commas are set, and very often serious errors are made here.
What else do you need to know?
If in the participle turnover there is a combination in the form of “participle + s.p. which ”, the union word is not separated, but is part of the structure. For example: "He faced many different difficulties, not deciding which he could not move on." For classic poets, it was commonplace to make a sentence with the participle turnover, inside which was a subject, not separated by commas on both sides.
If the participle in the composition of the turnover has lost the verb meaning, it has lost the possibility of isolation. For example: “I will be at work from nine in the morning.” In this case, the participle “starting” can be excluded from the sentence, while the meaning of the latter does not change dramatically, since the combination “starting with” here plays the function of an excuse. There are exceptions to this case, which are being debated by leading Russian linguists.
The participle turnover may also not be isolated if it plays the role of a homogeneous member of the proposal, within which there is an isolated circumstance. If an adverb is combined with a participle in circulation, it can be distinguished by commas on both sides.
Information about exactly how constructions with germs are allocated will help you correctly determine their syntactic function. Now you know what the ad-participatory turnover is, as each of its components is emphasized, so you will not have problems with its definition.