What is the syntax? This is a section of grammar that studies how to combine words and syntactic units into sentences. Syntactic units are constructions whose components are interconnected by syntactic connections and relations. These include word forms and phrases.
Between word forms that are included in phrases, syntactic connections are divided into the following types:
1. attributive (student's notebook, textbook on geography and the like);
2. object (write letters, admire the picture, prepare for departure, and so on);
3. circumstances (live in the country, return in the evening, leave to study).
The phrase, being the means of naming and building material for the proposal, is at the same time close to the word, but, nevertheless, differs from it. They are related by the fact that the phrase, like the word, has a system of form due to the grammatical origin of the main word. And if this word is a noun, then the phrase has the form of cases and numbers (student’s book, student’s book, student’s books).
If the word is an adjective, the phrase has the form of an adjective. That is, the phrase will be inclined according to cases, vary by gender and number. For example: capable of mathematics, capable of mathematics, capable of mathematics.
If this is a verb, then the phrase has many verb forms (reading a newspaper, reading a newspaper, reading a newspaper, reading a newspaper).
The syntax of the text also applies to the field of linguistics, which studies the syntactic organization of the entire text, that is, the relationship between the syntactic units, as well as the whole speech work.
Raising the question of what syntax is, it should be noted also the fact that, based on semantic laws, it directly depends on the intonational-rhythmic organization of the text. Syntax is inextricably linked to punctuation. Therefore, considering the syntax of the text, one should not forget about punctuation marks.
Remember the wonderful cartoon "In the country of unlearned lessons"? There, the main character, having managed to intonationally correctly determine the setting of one single comma, saved his life. By the way, explaining to children at the lesson of the Russian language the importance of punctuation, you can pick up other examples similar to this. For example, invite them to put a comma in the sentence: "You can’t learn lessons to relax." The main thing is to convey to students the idea that syntax and punctuation always “go hand in hand”. You can not be considered an educated person, not understanding the syntax and punctuation.
But if we found answers to the question of what syntax is, now it’s time to decide what should be understood by the word “punctuation”. Punctuation is a collection of rules on the punctuation of letters. Signs, as you know, allow people to divide the text with dots into sentences, as well as separate punctuation parts of a sentence, homogeneous members of a sentence, highlight appeals, introductory words and participial or participial sentences . And how difficult it is to understand a text in which signs are not placed in direct speech!
Punctuation helps writers to accurately express their thoughts and feelings, and readers - to understand them. The syntactic direction in Russian punctuation, which has gained wide popularity in the practice of teaching it, boils down to the fact that signs are intended, first of all, to make the syntactical structure visual. Often the punctuation system is based on syntactic soil, but this does not mean that the punctuation system copies the structures of sentences, obeying them. Pointing to the division of speech by punctuation marks, punctuation primarily relies on syntax and is a means of identifying different semantic shades that are inherent in different parts of a written text. In short, the purpose of punctuation is to help identify the syntactic structure of speech.
But just understanding what syntax is, you can correctly decide which and where to put punctuation marks.