How the “not” particle is written with different parts of speech depends on the very part of speech, on the context in which the word with the “not” particle is used. Consider the basic rules for writing "not" with different parts of speech. Independent parts of speech with which the negative particle “not” can be merged or separately written, these are names
nouns, adjectives, the verb and its special forms - participle, participle, adverb, pronoun, numeral.
Not with different parts of speech:
With specific nouns (one of the categories of nouns is an expression of objects and phenomena of a really existing reality), the “not” particle is always written separately (for example: not a book, not an elephant, not tea, not a train). With abstract nouns (one of the categories of nouns, which expresses abstract concepts) “we can’t” write separately and together. The spelling of such nouns is characteristic of words that we cannot use without “not” (a loser, a malfunction), as well as words that we can replace with a synonym, phrase, or synonymous series (misfortune is trouble, the enemy is the enemy). We will separately write nouns in sentences, where there is a contrast in the form of the union “a” or negation expressed by the words “not at all, not at all, far from”.
The same goes for adjectives. This means that relative and possessive adjectives (categories of adjectives mean the adjective is related to the subject or attribute - relative; and the subject belongs to the person - possessive), similar to specific nouns, are written separately with "not". And the rules for writing high-quality adjectives are no different from writing abstract nouns with "not." As you can easily see, the rules for writing “not” with different parts of speech have much in common. Therefore, it is possible to group those parts of speech whose rules coincide.
Verbs in their bulk are written separately with "not." The continuous spelling of “not” with verbs is due to the fact that the latter are not used without “no” (resent, dislike). And also in some cases, verbs with the prefix "under" can be written together. This spelling depends on the semantic load of the prefix "under."
Since the participle is close to the verb, the rules for spelling them do not differ from “not”. But the spelling “not” with participles (another special form of the verb) on the one hand correlates with the same verb, and on the other hand, it looks like the rules for writing a negative particle with adjectives. That is, the sacrament will be written together with “not” if it is possible to replace it with a synonym or because of non-use without a particle, and separately, if it has a contrast or a dependent word. The short form of the participle is always written separately with the “not” particle.
Numerals with a “not” particle are written only
separately (not five, not the second). The same applies to pronouns (not such, there’s nothing to it), where the only exceptions are indefinite (one, several) and
negative pronouns (no one, nowhere with emphasis on the first syllable).
An adverb that can be replaced with a synonym should be written together with "not." And also, as it’s easy to guess, if an adverb cannot be used on its own without “not,” then we cannot write it separately. But the presence in the proposal of the opposing union “a” gives us a reason to write an adverb separately from the particle. Adverbs ending in -e, -o, as well as adverbs, standing in a comparative degree, in accordance with the norms of the modern Russian language , are also written separately with "not."
Not with different parts of speech. Examples:
Not far, but close (an adverb with an opposing union “a”)
Disliking (germs, without "no" is not used)
Clothes that have not dried out overnight (communion with the dependent word)
Not listening (participle).
Thus, in order to correctly write “not” with different parts of speech, it is necessary to find out which part of speech a given word refers to and, guided by the rule, make a decision on continuous or separate spelling.