Syntactic norms are a set of criteria governing the correct construction and use of sentences and phrases. They are as historically variable as morphological or phonetic, although this is less noticeable. For example, in the Russian language a construction has not been used for a long time in which the turnover with the dative case would act as an accessory sentence of the time. Due to archaic nature, syntactic norms of this type do not, as a rule, cause any difficulties for native speakers. However, at the present stage, there are complex, ambiguous options for constructing various structures. Within the framework of this article, it is possible to consider only some of them.
The syntactic rules in a simple sentence have the following options.
1. To express the subject’s qualifications, different constructions are used in different styles of speech. So, for journalistic and scientific construction is characteristic "who (what) is who (what)", "what we will consider what." And in all other styles of speech, the constructions "who - what", "who (what) were who (what)", "what - (this) what" are used.
2. To name the date, which acts as the subject, an ordinal numeral cf. kind in them. p.: What is the number today? And in order to name the date, which is expressed under a predicate circumstance, an ordinal numeral is used in R. p.: What date do you arrive?
3. If a gender noun refers to a position, title, or profession, but denotes a woman, then in the book style the predicate is put in the form of m. R., and in the colloquial - in the form of. p.: The director spoke to subordinates.
4. If the vehicle is indicated as a means of transportation, then the preposition “on” with the accusative or prepositional case is used. For example: Tourists took a tram and reached it to the desired stop. But if you do not mean the type of transport, but the direction of movement inside something or the location in something, then the preposition "c" with the accusative or prepositional case is used. For example: Tourists took the tram, and in it they were no longer afraid of rain no wind.
The syntactic rules in a complex sentence have the following options.
1. If the information is transmitted in the form of indirect speech, the face of the verb and pronoun changes. For example: I said: "I will arrive late." - You said that (you) would arrive late.
2. Unions "before" and "before" have shades of meaning in sentences with an additional time. The first of them is used when you need to pay attention to the fact that the action of the main sentence determines the effect of the subordinate clause. For example: Before writing a control, repeat the material covered. The union before “before” is used when the actions in both sentences are closely interconnected and occur almost at the same time. For example: Before writing a test paper, at least repeat the material you have completed.
3. If it is necessary to single out a goal or reason, a compound alliance is divided into two parts. Moreover, the first of them remains in the main sentence, and the second goes to the subordinate clause. For example: She did not want to keep them company, because it was not in her plans. She did not want to keep them company because this was not part of her plans.
4. In the relative clauses of the comparison, the conjunctions “like” and “how” are used. They have different meanings. The first is advisable to use in sentences indicating a conditional, unreliable fact, and the second - indicating a comparison as a real fact. For example: It rained all summer, as it happens only in autumn. It rained all summer, as if someone was constantly squeezing clouds.
The syntactic norms of the Russian language are formed naturally and objectively. This means that they do not depend on the desire or will of a particular native speaker. Syntactic norms are updated and formed together with the development of society, art and literature, with changing living conditions, the emergence of traditions and the improvement of human relationships.