Krasnodar Territory is a recognized leader among Russian resorts. Here are concentrated a lot of beautiful health resorts, boarding houses, hotels, here healing springs come from under the earth, and the scents of the sea and evergreens fill the air. It is logical to assume that the ecology of the Krasnodar Territory should be one of the best in the country. However, the studies and test measurements did not reveal a completely favorable picture. It turned out that in many regions and cities of the Territory the MPC was exceeded several times the MPC of hazardous chemicals for health, soil fertility was reduced, reservoirs were dipped, valuable species of plants and animals disappeared, acid rain fell. Who is to blame for this and what actions are taken by the Ministry of Ecology of the Krasnodar Territory in order to preserve the unique ecosystem, our article gives answers.
Motor transport
The brainchild of technological progress - the car is undoubtedly the greatest good. But under certain conditions, when it comes to environmental pollution, it becomes the greatest evil. The Krasnodar Territory in Russia occupies one of the leading places in the number of units of motor vehicles owned by the population.
Statistics say that here one car falls on two people or 437 cars per 1000 inhabitants. For comparison, the same indicator in Moscow is only 417 cars per 1000 Muscovites. The ecology of the Krasnodar Territory is very affected by so many cars. In addition, four motorways of European level and three federal pass through the territory of the region. In the high season, vacationers are moving along them in an endless series to the sea. Exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere by road increase the content of hydrocarbons, CO 2 , CO, nitrogen oxides in it, which are hazardous to human health.
Especially high concentrations are observed near transport highways. Here, indicators exceeded the MPC by 1.5 and even 7 times. According to economic services, in the Krasnodar Territory about 70% of gasoline is sold by private commercial companies, which worry little about the quality of the goods. As a result, since 2010 in Krasnodar air it has become 19% more formaldehyde (negatively affects eyesight, lungs, reproductive organs, central nervous system, genetic material), 14% more benzpyrene (carcinogen, hazard class 1), 22% more phenol (toxic to all living things).
Agriculture
The ecology of the Krasnodar Territory is deteriorating due to the irrational use of farmland, the use of pesticides and herbicides, violation of the rules for the use of agricultural machinery. As a result, soils are compacted, their water permeability worsens, which leads to the flushing of 50% of the chemicals used by the agro-industrial sector into natural water bodies.
Krasnodar Territory was especially affected by the rice planting introduced here. The cultivation of this grain crop was widely developed in the Slavic, Krasnoarmeysk, Kalinin, Temryuk and Crimean regions. Rice cultivation technology involves the use of a large number of pesticides, which not only poisoned the sown land, but also significantly worsened the living conditions of the population.
Industry
As in other Russian regions, the ecology of the Krasnodar Territory is significantly deteriorating through the fault of industrial enterprises, whose leaders do not bother to install modern effective treatment facilities. In the Krasnodar Territory, there are many engineering, metalworking, chemical plants, but most of all this region is famous for oil production. About 150 large, medium and small oil fields are located here. Environmental pollution with oil products and their waste takes on disastrous proportions. The Commission found that in the cities of Yeysk, Tikhoretsk, Tuapse, Kushchevskaya station (where there are oil depots and oil refineries) huge underground oil lenses formed.
Industrial drains
Many enterprises and utilities discharge tons of untreated sewage into water bodies, which is why the ecology of natural resources of the Krasnodar Territory is significantly deteriorating. According to the commission, annually discharges of liquid waste into the estuaries of the region and the Sea of Azov reach 3 billion m 3 ! The numbers are truly frightening. In addition, oil products are discharged into the sea. So, during the wreck of a Bulgarian ship in the Tuapse port, 200 tons of fuel oil fell into the sea, and in the accident at the Novorossiysk port our ship poured tons of oil into the sea.
Animal and plant world
Environmental problems in the Krasnodar Territory also negatively affect the state of biota that has developed here for centuries. Large-scale housing development in the region, the construction of new hotel complexes, the expansion of agricultural production leads to a decrease in steppe and forest lands, unreasonable economic activity causes the soaking and drying up of water bodies, and this, in turn, leads to the extinction of many species of plants, fish, and other representatives fauna. Also, river pollution and uncontrolled activity of fishing companies lead to a catastrophic decrease in fish in the Krasnodar Territory.
Rating of cities of the Krasnodar Territory in ecology
Russia regularly monitors the environmental situation in the regions. The Krasnodar Territory, according to measurements of the content of harmful substances in the environment, is not the most polluted, but far from the most environmentally friendly. So, in the ranking of the organization “Green Patrol” for 2011, out of 83 verified areas, he took 48th place. Rosstat has compiled its list of 60 of the most environmentally disadvantaged Russian cities. Krasnodar in it took 42nd place, Novorossiysk 45th, and Achinsk 53rd. Adverse ecology is also in Tikhoretsk, Yeysk, Tuapse, Armavir, Belorechensk, Kropotkin and Anapa.
Action taken
According to the law of the Ministry of Natural Resources adopted in 2010, the state of the environment is regularly monitored to make the Krasnodar Territory much cleaner. Climate and ecology here should provide the most favorable living conditions, and the local population, and numerous tourists.
To improve the current situation, many cities have fixed control posts that check air, soil and water for the presence of harmful substances. There is also a strict control of the radiation background, which is still within the normal range. There are 4 such posts in Krasnodar, 3 in Novorossiysk, 2 in Sochi, 1 in Belorechensk, Tuapse and Armavir. To stop pollution of the environment with oil products, oil producing and oil refining enterprises are certified. A lot of work is being done by the Sanitary Inspection Service and the Land Resources Committee.
The Ministry of Ecology in the Krasnodar Territory is creating new legal documents governing the protection of the environment. At the initiative of the Ministry’s services, environmental competitions, community work days and conferences are held, seminars are held to educate the population on environmental issues, because maintaining the beauty of the region depends on each of its inhabitants.