Aliases help to better understand the work of poets and writers, learn more about their biography. Many writers are known by names that are not given to them at birth: Maxim Gorky (A.M. Peshkov), Anatole France (Anatole Thibault). The article is devoted to the answer to the question: "What was the pseudonym of Pushkin?"
Bit of theory
Keeping their surname in their works, writers and poets still use fictitious names, pseudonyms, when signing individual works. Why is this done?
- In order to deceive censorship.
- Due to estate prejudices.
- In the presence of well-known namesakes.
- To achieve a comic effect.
- To give a name to sonority and the necessary associations.
- When sampling the pen. It is interesting to know the pseudonym of Pushkin in his youth, when he did not know how much his works would please readers.
V. Dmitriev wrote a monograph on "false names" - "Hiding their name." In it, he identified 57 types of pseudonyms used by the authors. For example, anonymous when the name is read in reverse order: Ivan Krylov - Navi Volyrk; kryptonyms when initials or other abbreviations are used: K. N. Batyushkov - B-s .
Poet's family
Pushkin's legacy is still the subject of research by scientists who are making new discoveries and trying to explain why the genius of literature used this or that signature. His name is surrounded by myths and legends, one of which is connected with the fact that he did not die in a duel, but later created under the name of Dumas. To understand who he was for Russia, you need to get a little closer to his roots. Alexander Pushkin is a native of a family with a rich pedigree. His great-grandfather, Abram Hannibal, was a “pupil” of Peter I. Father, Sergei Lvovich, left military service to realize himself in literary work. There was a famous poet and uncle Vasily Lvovich, one of the first to recognize the talent of his nephew.
The noble origin and respected surname that I wanted to glorify led to the fact that the author did not take a permanent pseudonym. Pushkin was forced to put someone else's signature on a number of works by other circumstances. The poet’s family was not wealthy, but under the patronage of A. I. Turgenev, the young man was among the offspring of the best noble families sent to a new educational institution - Lyceum, located in the outbuilding of the Tsarskoye Selo Palace, which was a sign of the highest favor.
Lyceum period
He became one of the 30 gifted young men who entered the first year of 10/19/1811 to serve in the future for the benefit of the Fatherland in departments, in the army and navy. For six years, the future great poet was among the excellent teachers of that time, encouraging reading and paying attention to moral, physical and aesthetic education. All the students composed beautifully, the verses of one of them - A. Delvig - were put to music and turned into the Lyceum’s anthem. It was here that the poetic talent of the future genius flourished.
He was not successful in mathematical disciplines, but he was the first in the lessons of Russian literature. His talent was noted: the great G. Derzhavin, the historian N. Karamzin, the outstanding poet V. Zhukovsky. The pseudonym Pushkin appeared on the pages of print media as early as the lyceum. These were the magazines "Herald of Europe", "Son of the Fatherland" and "Russian Museum".
First post
The poem "To a Poem Friend" was written by a young man at the age of 14. According to one version, in 1814 he was sent to a journal published by A.V. Izmailov, a longtime acquaintance of the Pushkin family, Alexander Delvig. Friends considered the Frenchman and Egoza (nickname Pushkin) the most talented, but he had not yet a single publication, although some of the lyceum students had already distinguished themselves. The editors liked the poems, but they were not signed, and the author received a letter about the need to solve this problem. The signature that he used is Pushkin's first pseudonym in his youth. Deciphering it does not cause difficulties, although he applied both anonymous and kryptonym: Alexander N.k.sh.p. He removed the vowels from his last name, writing it the other way around.
It is known: his uncle Vasily Lvovich often used a name without vowels instead of a signature, but in direct order: P.sh.k.n. Young Pushkin, on the one hand, showed independence, on the other, he demonstrated that he was connected with his uncle, a writer.
Other aliases
Over the years of lyceum life, the poet has written about a hundred poems that are included in the collected works. Four times he was published in the Bulletin of Europe, signing works not only by N.K.S.p., but also by the letter P. and the numerals, for example, 1 ... 14–16. If we substitute the letters of the alphabet instead of numbers, we will see the initial of the name, the last and first letter of the surname. What is Pushkin's pseudonym fundamentally different from this approach? Already with “Memoirs in Tsarskoye Selo” (“Russian Museum”) he puts his own signature. It is from this poem that success comes to him.
He is accepted into the poetry club "Arzamas", which included V. Zhukovsky. Subsequently, in memory of these times, he signs some of his creations: Arz. (Arzamas), Art. ar (old Arzamas), St. ... h. (cricket - a nickname among circle members). He also signed with fictitious names. So, two pamphlets were written on behalf of Feofilakt Kosichkin. The researchers also found other signatures of the great poet: Yehuda Chlamyd, Frenchman, D. Davydov, I. Ivanov and even I. This pseudonym of Pushkin was used so that poems could be attributed to Yazykov. After leaving the service and becoming a publisher, Pushkin sometimes wanted to argue with the author, for this all these names were used. “Belkin's Tales,” where the author even came up with biographies of the late Belkin, who is allegedly the author, stands apart.
Prophecy of N. Karamzin
The great Russian historian was not alien to the lyrics and at the beginning of 1799 wrote the poem "Prophecy". The final line in it was a statement about the birth of the new Pindar in 1799 (the ancient Greek poet of the 5th-4th centuries BC, the founder of odic poetry). His prediction came true. It was this year that the genius of Russian literature was born, to whom a great destiny was destined. And although he never signed his creations in the name of the ancient Greek author, we can say: Pindar is the pseudonym of Pushkin, assigned to him by the right of N.M. Karamzin.