The concept of information retrieval systems appeared in the late eighties of the last century. The ability to search, process, select the data requested by the active user in their specially formed database containing descriptions of various information sources and a list of rules for using them is provided by search engines. The main goal is to find information. Information retrieval systems were created and developed in order to make search more effective. In their development, they rely on the relevance or relevance of the search results to the generated query.
Types of Search Engines
We list the main types of search engines:
- Library as an information retrieval system. Selection is made using a traditional or virtual directory.
- Interactive search engines. They provide an interactive search.
- Documentary information retrieval systems. They serve to work with documents, store data in the form of texts and graphics.
- Automated search engines. The most popular type of search engines today.
Search Types
The main types of information retrieval systems include:
- Catalog. It is a specially formed information retrieval help system. It is organized on various popular topics. Directories include source descriptions with links to resources on the virtual network. These can be sites, portals, blogs, pages, social accounts hosted on the network. The development of catalogs was a modern technology of information retrieval systems. Thanks to catalogs, systems can search in real time in a particular category of resources by keywords. Popular directories are Yahoo, Magellan, Weblist.
- Information retrieval systems include a search engine. It carries out a structured search, which is used to form a database of specially designed robots. The system contains the necessary information about resources in a virtual network. Its most indisputable advantage is its automated functions. Its base is formed by a search robot. To search the system, the active user draws up a request that includes a set of key phrases. The description of the document contains: the first sentences of the article, a piece of text fragment, where the main keywords are highlighted. The document contains the date and encoding. The most common search engines include Google, Altavista, Excite.
- In the world there are a large number of diverse automated information retrieval systems containing many sources of required information. Even the presence of a modern and powerful server cannot answer all the requests of millions of active users of virtual space. In connection with these today, information retrieval systems allow users to simultaneously send applications to several search engines, and on the basis of their consolidation they are able to show the user the result containing links to the requested resource.
History of creation
The very first search engines appeared in the mid-nineties of the last century. They were reminiscent of information signs in directories. Their information base contained keywords that were collected in all possible ways from popular sites on a virtual network. Information technology was then not perfect. The selection was carried out only by keywords in the information retrieval help systems. Later, a special search for phrases, sentences and texts was developed, which facilitates the finding of the data required by the user. The system did the fixing of words containing keys. Thanks to this, users could make the required queries for keywords and various phrases on the Internet.
The Wandex information retrieval system was invented by programmer Matthew Graham at the end of the last century. Later, Aliweb came into being, which today is successfully functioning. However, they had a multifaceted hierarchical structure and did not possess modern technologies.
One of the first to appear was WebCrawler. Its unique feature and its main advantage, which distinguishes it among other search engines, is the ability to find any keywords on a particular page on the Internet. She became a kind of model for all other search engines.
Much later, other search engines appeared, competing for the user's attention among themselves. Internet users in our country began to work with Rambler.
In 1997, Yandex was created, which became an analogue of Google. Today he is one of the leaders in search queries among the systems in our country.
To date, there are special search engines designed to solve the tasks. For example, the information retrieval system of the Patron database. It is designed to store and search data on cartridges for a variety of weapons and is now used by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and special services. There are developed legal information retrieval systems for notaries, lawyers, medical staff and engineers. They use them on a daily basis and cannot imagine modern activities without them. There are documentary information retrieval systems for researchers at institutes.
Principle of operation
When describing the functioning of electronic information retrieval systems, the following points should be noted:
- There is a program called a search robot. This robot systematically checks and indexes various pages.
- A server on the Internet generates a user request for information, and then prepares the necessary request to the search engine.
- The search engine analyzes the necessary database, then forms a complete list of pages, and then transfers them to the server.
- The server generates all the query results and transfers them to the user's personal computer.
The objectives of the IPS
The main automated information retrieval systems are designed for:
- storage of information volumes;
- operational search for the required data;
- placement and destruction of information;
- data processing.
Most popular IPS
In today's world, it is impossible to imagine life without a virtual network. With its help, we acquire a variety of goods and services, communicate with colleagues and friends, work, relax, spend our leisure time with benefit and profit. The fundamental role of conductors is performed by information retrieval systems in virtual Internet networks. Any person writes his own query in the search line, and the search engine issues a huge number of sentences for keywords or phrases.
In first place is the undisputed leader of many years of information retrieval systems - Google, which receives four out of five queries on a variety of issues of active users from around the world. Second place is Yahoo. In third place is Yandex. Consider these search engines in more detail and their other analogues.
Google
Google is the main search engine that processes most of the queries from around the world. This search engine is known to a large number of active Internet users. Each month, the system processes more than forty billion requests, indexes twenty-five billion pages in a virtual network.
The search engine was created by two talented programmers in 1996. They called it simply and succinctly - Google. A special search robot was laid in its foundation. He crawled pages and indexed them. The robot provides how pages will be formed to the user in the search results today. Google was one of the first to develop a search using voice in several languages, making it easy to enter data into the system.
Google has its counterpart in our country, it currently has more than a billion indexed pages.
Google is one of the search engines that deeply indexes your site. It’s easier for large and popular sites to reach high positions in Google search results, thereby protecting the system and users from unnecessary information.
Yahoo
Yahoo was established in 1994. To this day, it remains very popular, combining the search for words containing keys using a hierarchically constructed partition tree.
The modern development of the search engine is defined as moving forward towards interactivity. Yahoo masters this space, but the technical component of the system was not designed for this when creating a search engine. There was no real-time component of Yahoo's work, so there is a risk of hacker attacks on this insecure part of the search engine.
One of the unique features is the functional taskbar for Firefox. This unique tool is a user assistant when using Yahoo. The user searches for data without going to the search engine website, but only using the panel buttons.
In 2005, the company announced the launch of a search system for text data and images contained in letters. The need for such a function arose due to an increase in the volume of data stored by users. Some people create entire archive mailers.
Active users of Yahoo can use the ability to search for words in the header or, for example, in the body of the message, as well as in attached files, without opening or reading them. The text search result is displayed in lines indicating all the necessary attributes for the sending request. Found photographic images are displayed on the screen.
Yahoo owns more than two hundred million mail addresses, which is more than thirty percent of the global market.
Yandex
One of the best systems in our country is Yandex. To date, the search engine ranks fourth in the total number of user applications. Yandex in terms of popularity today leads among users in our country. The total number of requests made exceeds two hundred and fifty million every day. Today, the Yandex search engine has fifty unique, specially designed applications.
Since 2010, in addition to the well-known search engine yandex.ru, another search engine yandex.com has appeared, used to search foreign portals.
Unlike other search engines, Yandex does not ignore the morphology of the Russian language. The search engine is designed to function in the Russian-language part of the Internet. The fundamental difference between Russian-speaking search engines and foreign ones is that search engines formally performing searches in Russian ignore the morphology of the Russian language. In the Russian-language part of the virtual network, there are about two dozen modern search engines, but most users work with Yandex.
Today, Yandex is a popular Russian-language search engine. Every month, more than thirty-five million virtual network users access it.
It was founded by the Soviet programmer in 1989. First, an hypothesis formation algorithm was developed. From now on, the analysis of the requested phrases and texts has ceased to be strictly tied to the dictionary. If the requested word was not in the dictionary, then the most similar root words were found. After another six months, it became clear that nothing was stopping the creation of a new Russian-language search engine. In the fall, it was introduced to the world community yandex.ru.
In addition to the search engine, today Yandex is a huge portal with a set of commonly used specially created services. A flexible query language allows you to search by various query criteria. By default, the search displays several links on the results page. Sometimes the ranking of sites on these pages changes, since updating the resulting databases does not occur simultaneously.
Periodically, Yandex search engine algorithms responsible for relevance of the search are modified, which leads to adjustments in the query results. These changes are directed against the huge search spam that exists on the network and leads to incorrect results at the request of active users.
Ebay
Ebay is an American company founded in the mid-nineties and specializes in conducting auctions in a virtual network. It manages the eBay.com portal. Ebay is an intermediary in the purchase and sale of goods. Sellers make the required purchase and additional cash contribution, and buyers have the opportunity to use the site for free. Today it is a huge platform for the acquisition and sale of goods by both individuals and legal entities.
The general principles of Ebay are that all people are kind, decent, and each of them is able to contribute to development, and in communication they show their qualities.
Since 2010, a version of the popular virtual auction in Russian appeared. Payment at auction is through PayPal. in order to sell any items on Ebay, you must specify the price of the product, its starting price, time of the start of bidding, as well as how long the bidding will continue. As in a simple auction, the product is received by the buyer who has listed the highest fee. Of the advantages of a virtual auction, it can be noted that the parties to the purchase and sale transaction can be located anywhere in the world, and the presence of branches and time frames provide an opportunity for sellers and buyers from around the globe to participate in virtual auctions.
Msn
This search engine was organized by Microsoft in 1995. In Russia, Microsoft is less popular, giving way to Yandex, Google, and some other search engines. The rapid spread of MSN Search was helped by the appearance of the Russian version of the portal.
Unlike huge search engines, such as Google, MSN takes into account the contents of meta tags, which makes the process of optimizing a site for this search system simple and convenient. Just include the main keywords in the tags and MSN users will find you. When ranking pages on the Internet, the MSN search robot takes into account external links and internal ones, allows an increased density of words containing keys.
Today, MSN is not only a search engine, but also a huge portal with a variety of specially designed applications and resources:
- One of the MSN projects was the MSN Hotmail mail system. The main advantages of this mail assistant are volume storage, the ability to combine records from virtual resources, exchange messages instantly.
- Complete technological security of the system is ensured by Microsoft technologies.
- Attention deserves the service MSN "Money", which publishes advanced information about financial events.
- Among the popular applications from MSN, it is worth noting a video project containing unique unique videos and interviews with world celebrities.
- A special Microsoft project is dedicated to various areas of life. In addition to purely technologies for consumers, popular social networks turned out to be here.
- However, the Microsoft portal has a significant drawback: it as an information product of the company is adapted for Internet Explorer, due to which there are problems viewing in other existing browsers.
Rambler
The simplest information retrieval system, Rambler, was a true pioneer among global search projects. Today, Rambler has lost its position in the ranking of search engines. When entering a user’s query into the search box of Rambler, he actually uses the development of another search engine, Yandex. Today, Rambler is a large portal with many specially designed services.
It takes far from first place in popularity among other search engines. A special classifier "Rambler TOP-100" has long been developed. Using this application, you can analyze the statistics of many sites. If you are the owner of the site, be sure to add it to the Rambler system. There is a workable and useful real estate catalog - Rambler. Real Estate.
Getting to the main page, the user gets access to the mailbox, can find out the weather, exchange rates, television program. The interface is not very modern and convenient. Simplicity plays a major role. There are no welcome letters from the search engine.
The Rambler has its own search engine, which is not distinguished by modern features and special developments, but it has a place to be.You can run it from the main page. It starts quickly, but it slows down a bit when loading the main page.
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Search engine "Mile.ru"
In 1998, in the city of St. Petersburg, thanks to talented programmers, one of the most powerful mail services was born - Mail.ru. Today, this e-mail and search system has operational e-mail, an extensive catalog of Internet resources and convenient information sections as in a modern library. The Mile.ru information retrieval system has a number of specially developed projects that are very popular and vital for modern users of the virtual Internet network.
Mile.ru gained an audience of its faithful subscribers and users a long time ago thanks to powerful services generating traffic, but it was able to boast a relatively recently developed search engine relatively recently.
The entire history of the development of Mile.ru began with the provision of free mailboxes to all interested users of the network. Having gained great popularity and relevance, "Mile.ru" began to turn into a huge portal. Now the company owns Odnoklassniki, Cloud@Mile.ru and a huge number of other services that are popular with active users of a virtual network. The search engine is a co-owner of the social networks Vkontakte and Facebook.
The total audience of the giant virtual network is now about eighty million visitors every month. The audience of Mile.ru users is growing with the company. More than a third of fans of this search engine are accounted for by active users of the Mail@Mail.ru service, a quarter are from Odnoklassniki and My World. The number of visitors using an active search engine is approaching the figure of twenty million people.
In percentage terms, this is about ten percent of the total search share in the Russian-language part of the Internet. This allows Mile.ru to take an honorable third place after such giants as Yandex and Google. If the search service achieved this result without taking into account the social networks, the largest in the Russian-speaking part of the Internet, the ranking of sites, then this would be simply a phenomenal result.
However, talking about the search engine "Mile.ru" in isolation from everything that belongs to the company, at least it would not be entirely correct. The quality of the issuance of the requested information does not sparkle with results in comparison with the results of search queries from the main competitors.
The official page of the search engine is located at go.mail.ru and represents an alloy of Google and Yandex, has the ability to connect images. The line of the search engine "Mile.ru" is present on the main page of the portal, which relatively recently changed the design.
The main information retrieval systems that exist on the modern Internet were presented above.