A certain set of relations in the economic sphere, characterized by the mediation of monetary values in sales and purchases of goods, is called the market. This rather complex and branched structure allows manufacturers to sell their products in the maximum accordance with existing consumer demand. It covers with its influence all spheres of modern economic relations.
The main signs of the market are the presence of elements that are directly related to the provision of production, as well as the presence of components of monetary and material circulation. This economic structure is significantly influenced by various forms of ownership and housekeeping, as well as specific features present in the sphere of circulation of finished products, the level of privatization of enterprises, etc.
The market has certain ties with the spiritual and non-productive sphere, as well as with the sale of intellectual products of writers, scientists, artists, etc. All this diversity of relationships determines its complex structure. It, in turn, includes various types of markets, as well as its various types. Scientists identify more than ten criteria that are key to characterizing this complex structure. Types of markets and their classification includes many groups. They are divided by spatial location and economic relationships:
1. By geographical location:
- local (local);
- regional;
- national;
- world.
2. According to the purpose of the objects, the market is divided into:
- consumer;
- valuable papers;
- work force;
- currency;
- informational;
- scientific and technical.
3. By product groups:
- markets for industrial products;
- markets for consumer goods;
- markets for materials and raw materials.
4. For subjects of market relations:
- consumer market;
- sellers market;
- public sector institutions;
- intermediary.
5. By the presence of competitors, the types of markets are divided into:
- exclusive;
- oligopolistic;
- monopolistic competition;
- perfect competition.
6. According to signs of saturation, they are grouped into:
- equilibrium;
- scarce;
- excess.
7. By the nature of the maturity of the relationship, the market structure can be:
- undeveloped;
- developed;
- emerging.
8. In relation to the current legislation, the types of markets are grouped into:
- official;
- shadow.
9. By type of implementation, they are divided into:
- retail;
- wholesale.
10. According to the assortment characteristics of goods sold, the following types of markets are distinguished:
- closed (offering customers products manufactured by the first manufacturer);
- saturated (selling goods produced by various enterprises);
- a wide assortment list (offering a number of specific products, the use of which satisfies related needs);
- mixed (selling a wide variety of goods).
11. According to the industry type distinguish:
- oil market;
- automobile;
- computer market, etc.
Five types are particularly distinguished in the complex structure of markets . These include:
- the market of services and goods, which includes various subspecies of this group that sell consumer demand products;
- the market of production factors (tools and real estate, material, energy and raw materials, as well as natural resources) ;
- financial market (investment, credit, monetary and securities);
- the market of intellectual goods (innovations, inventions, services of an informational nature, as well as literary and artistic works);
- the market for labor (labor resources).