The main styles of speech in the Russian language stand out from its many varieties and consist of a colloquial presentation and book (literary). The first is usually used verbally, and the second - more often in written form; it also contains official-business, scientific, journalistic and artistic speech.
In the modern sense, the word “style” denotes the quality of what is written, that is, the ability to express one’s thoughts in different ways, using a variety of language means.
As a result, speech styles in Russian are not similar to each other. So, consider what each manner of presentation is.
The conversational style is used in a relaxed and informal atmosphere for everyday communication in the family, at work or in a friendly conversation in the form of a dialogue. There is an exchange of information, thoughts, feelings about ordinary everyday issues. It is characterized by emotionality, gestures and imagery. Words are used simple, neutral, often familiar and affectionate. Sometimes phraseological units are inserted (for example, “two tops from the pot”).
Next, we analyze the speech styles in Russian, which are related to the literary form.
The scientific genre is used in scientific reports, journals, articles and dissertations in order to present and explain certain facts. It uses professional and
terminological vocabulary in strict logical sequence and objectivity. Another important attribute of this species is accuracy. It is worth noting that in the scientific style there are also scientific-popular (for the mass audience) and scientific-educational (for educational institutions) subspecies that differ in complexity of perception.
The official business style can be found in the field of law, administrative activities, etc. It is presented in the
form of laws, diplomatic documents, certificates, instructions and other business papers written in standard business vocabulary with established speed. All information here should be stated accurately and not be ambiguous.
The official business and
scientific styles of speech in the Russian language are informative and have a dry and concise content.
The journalistic method is used in socio-political literature (newspapers, reports, performances on TV, radio, etc.). Its purpose is to transmit socially significant information for influencing the audience by persuading or suggesting certain ideas and encouraging it to take any action. It is characterized by appeal, logic, imagery and emotionality.
The artistic style differs from all the others in its imagery and the use of a variety of expressive and expressive ways. All speech styles in Russian, examples of which are often found in our daily lives, are used in artistic presentation. However, here they submit to an aesthetic function and create a poetic image.
In addition to the listed styles, there are also functional
types of speech, which determine the semantic content of the text (narration, description and reasoning), but this is the topic of another article.