The question of how to spell one or another word, for example, “collects” or “collects,” arises for both schoolchildren and people who have graduated not only from school, but also from a higher educational institution. The reason lies both in the richness and diversity of the Russian language, and in the number of spelling rules for certain spelling.
Difficulties in writing most often cause unstressed vowels at the root of the word. There are several rules for writing them, plus there are exceptions to each.
When it is not clear which unstressed vowel to write, look for a one-root test word. Often can not be found. There are such catchy words in Russian that you cannot find a test word with fire in the afternoon in which this vowel will be stressed. Then a spelling dictionary or memory comes to the rescue if the rules of the Russian language have remained in my head since school times.
The spelling of unstressed root vowels in many words cannot be verified by stress. Trying to find a test word for the word “collects” is doomed to failure. There are no such words in Russian.
Unstressed root vowels
Three types of unstressed root vowels are distinguished:
- accented;
- not verified by stress;
- alternating vowels.
To determine the correct spelling of the tested vowel, they search for the test root word in which this vowel is stressed. For example: a kitten - a cat, confusion - crumple, impression - a seal.
In order to avoid mistakes during such a check, it is necessary to pay attention to the context in which the word is used. For example, the verb "beg" or "belittle". If you "beg" for something, the test word will be "prayer." If "belittle" something (reduce, reduce, etc.) - the test word will be "small".
Dictionary words cannot be verified - their spelling must be remembered. For example, dog, mosquito, sand, prevention, birch, etc.
Alternating unstressed vowels at the root of the word are the largest and most interesting section. The words “collects” or “collects” refer to it. Their spelling is governed by a separate rule.
It is necessary to learn Russian
In the words “collects” or “collects” two unstressed vowels: “O” in the first syllable, “I” and “E” in the second syllable.
To determine the correct spelling of words, it is necessary to determine the morphemes of these verbs. A morpheme is the minimal part of a word that has a significant meaning. These are all familiar parts of the word: prefix, root, suffix, ending and postfix.
Morphemic analysis of verbs of complexity does not cause:
- Collects: so-bir-a-em.
- Collects: sober.
Both verbs begin with a prefix. The prefix “sa-” is not in the Russian language, there remains one spelling variant: the first unstressed vowel in both cases is “o”.
The prefix is followed by the root of the word. The second unstressed vowel in the same root verbs is written differently: in the first case - "and", in the second - "e". So “collects” or “collects”? How right?
Alternating root vowels
In Russian, there are enough words with an alternating vowel at the root of the word. The letters "e" with "and", "a" with "o", "a" or "I" with "im", "a" or "I" with "in" alternate.
In each particular spelling variant under study, the choice of the correct vowel depends on:
- from stress;
- from the suffix of the next word after the root;
- from the last consonant of the root of the word;
- from the semantic meaning of the root of the word.
Back to our verbs
The roots of the verbs are bir-, ber-. In the roots of words with alternating e-and, the choice of the correct spelling of the vowel depends on the suffix.
If the root has the suffix -a, then in the root you need to write an unstressed "and". The only exception is the verb "combine" and the nouns "couple" and "marriage" - in these words an unstressed vowel is always "e" in the root.
In the absence of a suffix in all words with roots in which "e-i" alternate, "e" is always written.
Now it’s not difficult to understand how to spell “collects”.
As Seneca said: “There are no rules without exceptions, but exceptions do not interfere with the rule.”
Synonym for "collects"
There are many lexical synonyms for the word “collects” in Russian. The use of certain synonyms depends on the context.
If the context of the proposal involves gathering people for the event, they use the verbs: invites (friends), recruits (to work, to serve under the contract), attracts (supporters), recruits (division), convenes (at the rally).
If the verb “collects” is used in the context of “collects something”, the verbs are used: mounts (device diagram), completes (device), collects (stamps), stores (money), knocks together (stool).