Many of you paid attention to beautiful packages with mushrooms on the shelves of supermarkets. Moreover, they are sold year-round, regardless of the mushroom season. Always clean, fresh and beautiful. It turns out that they were grown at home, on equipped mini-farms.
The purpose of this article is to tell the reader how to grow mushrooms on their own. If this process captivates you, then the work will bring not only pleasure, but also profit. The main thing here is adherence to technology and an established sales market. Let's start with technology.
How to grow oyster mushrooms? Decide on the room. Greenhouses, cellars, sheds, rooms and even glazed balconies will do. The main condition is the cleanliness of the premises. After disinfection of the chosen place, we prepare the substrate: sawdust (not coniferous), sunflower husk, straw. The material is crushed and steamed (filled with boiling water).
After cooling the substrate, we proceed to the bookmark. The most convenient plastic transparent bags - you can further monitor the growth of mycelium and make additional cuts in time.
Mix the mycelium with the substrate (or fill it with layers: 15 cm of substrate - 2 cm of mycelium). The optimal weight of the bag is 10 kg. Such bags are easy to carry if necessary.
If the bags will be suspended, take care of the racks and hooks, if stacked in rows - you need to prepare the racks. Both options are good, but in limbo, care will be more convenient in the future, and viewing is much better: the bag can always be turned without disturbing the mycelium.
The further course of work by amateur mushroom pickers is described in different ways. Perhaps their technology also yielded results, but to describe what I did not see, you see, is wrong. Therefore, I share my experience.
We tie the bags with the laid substrate and mycelium, make loops and hang them on hooks fixed on racks. The temperature remains the usual room temperature (25 degrees), the light does not turn on (normal lighting, daytime), the humidity does not change (so far the one in the bags is enough).
On the fourth day, inspect the bags. Under the transparent film, light seals should be visible - this forms a mycelium. Now is the time to make several V-shaped small incisions (6-8 is enough for now). In the future, you will already navigate and, if necessary, make additional cuts.
We reduce the temperature to 18 degrees, and increase the humidity to 95% and higher (three times a day the bags are sprayed with water from a spray bottle, and water is placed in the corners of the room in buckets). The window leaves open. Daylight hours are increased to 15 hours (turn on the lamp).
Please note: oyster mushroom spores can cause allergies, therefore it is better to work in a respirator.
Three "crops" are usually taken from one "charged" bag. We managed to shoot five (instead of 3-5 kg from one bag they cut up to 15 kg of mushrooms), then the contents of the bag change. In general, the most uncompromising option for a beginner is just oyster mushrooms: cultivation does not require special adherence to technologies, and material costs are minimal.
How to grow mushrooms mushrooms?
The substrate is needed the same as for oyster mushrooms, but this substrate is steamed not with ordinary boiling water, but sweet - with the addition of jam and starch.
We mix the cooled substrate with mycelium and fall asleep in dense packets (or even in large jars). Well, then we are guided by the first scenario.
How to grow champignon mushrooms?
So we have reached the most capricious option. Mushrooms are not suitable for oyster mushrooms and mushrooms. They need horse manure or, in extreme cases, cow manure with 25% straw. This is the basis. For 100 kg of such a base, 25 kg of gypsum, 25 kg of lime and 3 kg of urea are added. All this is mixed, watered, compacted and covered with a film. After three weeks, the smell of ammonia disappears - the soil is ready for the planting of champignons. This is done in rows deepened by 20 cm. Optimum humidity - 50%, temperature - 20 degrees. Watering is carried out only by a spray. Fruiting begins in a month and a half (or a little earlier). Aging of mushrooms is not allowed (mycelium is depleted).
But it’s not enough to know how to grow mushrooms - you also need to find a market. With conveyor production, it will be possible to advertise for sale on the Internet in newspapers, on the radio, and even contact the wholesalers themselves (in large stores and restaurants). However, be prepared for the fact that the buyer wants to inspect your "production workshop", and in the future will ask for a certificate from the SES for each batch of mushrooms. But if the technology is followed, then you won’t have to worry.
Good luck