Sports competitions are an excellent opportunity to assess the level of training of a particular athlete or team. Nothing motivates so much as a competitive struggle in which to give everything to the maximum is a matter of honor. And whatever the level of competition, athletes always try to show their best. The results obtained at the competitions clearly demonstrate the effectiveness / inefficiency of training and allow us to determine further actions to improve sports skills. On top of that, sporting events are a way to attract people's attention to healthy lifestyle and develop their habit of physical education. In the article we will consider what forms and types of sports competitions are.
From the history of sports
Sports appeared before our era. Moreover, many of them successfully overcame the millennia and entrenched in modern states. Moreover, sports schools opened in ancient countries, which testifies to the beginnings of professional sports. Thus, the prerequisites of an orderly sports movement are rooted in the distant past. The apogee, of course, was the Greek Olympic Games, successfully revived by contemporaries and today are the most important event in the life of any athlete.
Sports in Russia
For a long time in Russia there was no clear organization of the competitive process, although there were a lot of competitions. Most of them had a game form and was held in the form of spectacles. For example, they played bast shoes, organized fist fights. Already under Peter I, physical education became a school discipline, but sport was actively developed only in the 19th century. Then there were private schools, sports grounds, sports clubs, societies and gymnasiums. Athletes began to compete regularly among themselves, and later - at the international level. In the 20th century, the development of sports went by leaps and bounds. A committee for controlling Russian sports appeared, and many competitions and cups of various levels and status were held.
Features of modern sports competitions
The Russian Federation continued the glorious traditions of Soviet sports: it retained the best sports schools, concentrated its efforts on the education of professional athletes, and in every possible way welcomed various sports competitions. The latter have certain features:
- regulation of the activities of all persons participating in competitions (coaches, athletes, doctors, organizers, etc.);
- the same conditions for all participants, expressed in general rules, standards;
- each competition is an opportunity to prove oneself, to prove one’s superiority, therefore the consciousness of athletes is focused on victory;
- Awarding a sports title is carried out strictly after all the norms have been fulfilled and results have been achieved, which make it possible to transfer an athlete to a new level (for example, from a master of sports to an honored master of sports, etc.).
Sports Classification
All sports competitions differ in several ways: by level, by purpose of organization, by form of organization, by form of offset, by scale, by duration, by gender and age of participants, by career guidance. Whatever the competition, they usually have the same components. These include: the organization of a sporting event, athletes and their fans, certain tactical and technical actions (depending on discipline), judicial control for compliance with the rules, distribution of seats.
Types of sports competitions by level and purpose
The level of sports competitions indicates, first of all, the scale, or, more correctly, the class of the competitions: the Olympic Games, the World Cup, the European Championship, the Championship of Russia, the League of Nations, the Commonwealth Cup, the World Championships, etc.
By purpose, the types of sports are as follows:
- Indicative. Serve to increase the popularity of a particular sports discipline among the population.
- Preparatory. Here, athletes get their first competitive experience, adapt to competitive loads, improve their technique.
- Qualification. The fulfillment of certain standards contributes to the athlete getting a higher rank or the opportunity to participate in serious competitions.
- Control. Here the physical and psychological preparation of the athlete is evaluated and further training tactics are determined.
- Qualifying. Screening starts at such competitions, in which athletes who have taken the highest places or have fulfilled the standard are allowed to participate in the main competitions.
- Leading. This is a dress rehearsal before the main competition. They are most consistent with the form of the latter.
- The main ones. The struggle of the best of the best for the highest awards. The peak of physical and emotional activity.
Types of sports competitions in the form of organization and the form of offset
According to the form of organization, competitions are closed (athletes of one team participate) and open (athletes of other teams are allowed to participate), as well as companions (do not pursue the goal of receiving a specific award, are of a viewing character) and official (aimed at winning a title, awards, etc. d.).
According to the standings, the competitions are divided into personal (places and results of each participating athlete are determined), personal-team (depending on the places of each of the participants, the team’s place in the overall standings is determined) and team (places are taken exclusively by teams).
Place and time
The types of sports competitions in scale and duration are as follows: external (city, district, continental, etc.) and internal (sports and athletics events, Health Days, etc.). In duration - one-day and multi-day.
Gender, Age, Career Guidance
Another division of sports competitions includes the age and sex factor and the type of enterprise from which athletes participate:
- Types of sports competitions by gender - female, male, mixed.
- On return - children’s, juniors, for adults, for veterans.
- In the professional field - school, between employees of enterprises, etc.
Also, competitions can be single and traditional. The former are arranged once, without systematic repetitions, the latter are carried out systematically, as a rule, after the same period of time.
Game forms
Types of competitions in sports games can be official or unofficial in nature and have a very different level:
- Olympic Games, World Championships (teams from different countries participate);
- local championships, championships (clubs or national teams of organizations, cities, etc. participate);
- cup (the composition of teams depends on the level of the tournament: continental, national, city, etc.).
The listed types of competitions are the most serious, because in them teams are fighting for the title. There are also other types of gaming competitions:
- qualifiers (preliminary stage, enabling the team to get into the next competitive round);
- match (teams play for the cup or prize established by the organizer of the competition);
- friendly (competitions that do not have tournament significance and are held in order to check the teamwork of the team, individual players, etc.);
- indicative (held to popularize a particular sport).
School competition
Types of sports in the school include various championships, championships, sports and athletics competitions, annual competitions, tournaments dedicated to a specific date, mass competitions in various forms (relay races, fun starts, etc.). Each school develops its own program of sports competitions for the school year. Competitions can be both intraschool and can be held between different schools of a city, district, etc. The key task is to accustom the younger generation to healthy lifestyles, as well as to develop a sense of teamwork, team spirit, discipline, self-mastery and other important human qualities.
Mass Competitions
The promotion of sports to the masses is realized through mass competitions. Types of sports events include:
- competitions for a certain category of citizens: for families, for veterans, etc .;
- mass competitions in certain sports disciplines.
Mass sporting events are held according to a shortened or facilitated program and may include exercises of training sessions. Judging rules can be official or simplified. The key tasks of mass competitions are to strengthen the health of the population and its inclusion in the sport.