After such phenomena as wars, illnesses, natural disasters, perhaps the most terrible thing most people call unemployment. Someone has been searching in vain for a long time, someone is holding on to the current place, sacrificing time and health, fearing to be without a livelihood. Indeed, many live literally from paycheck to paycheck, pay loans or simply do not have any other sources of income in case of deprivation of basic income.
Full employment is a situation in a country in which the entire able-bodied population is provided with work. In this matter, the participation of the state as the main regulator of the labor market is necessary. It will not be possible to create the optimal ratio between the level of supply and demand without an intermediary, because the availability of a sufficient number of jobs is far from all. Everyone wants to find a job that meets his needs in terms of pay, working conditions, content of activities and other conditions. Not finding the ideal offer, a person either agrees to less suitable conditions (or completely inappropriate), or continues to search, remaining unemployed.
Consequently, full employment of the population is achievable only if demand and supply correspond to each other, but this option, like everything ideal, is not feasible in practice. Firstly, due to the presence of a human factor that cannot be taken into account; secondly, the so-called natural unemployment will always exist , that is, a condition in which a small percentage of the population is in search of a better place, while leaving the former. Ideally, this share should not exceed 5-7% of the total number of able-bodied citizens, moreover, this level should be maintained constantly. The concept of full employment just implies such a state in the labor market, therefore one should not assume that absolutely all citizens should be employed.
Full employment is more likely to mean the employment of those who wish to work. People who are not self-employed are excluded from statistics. Either they are housewives, or those who simply want to take a break from work and think about further career development, as well as people who do not feel the need to work for whatever reasons.
During the existence of the USSR, the role of the state in regulating the labor market was very significant. Jobs were created for graduates of secondary and higher educational institutions, so-called “egalitarianism” existed in the salary, thanks to which the working population did not rush about from place to place in search of a better share. An active struggle was conducted with the “dependents”, almost full employment was achieved through agitation expressed by slogans and colorful posters with praise of the working class. Idleness and commercial activity were censured, as a result of which the number of officially employed citizens was quite high.
What is the current situation in the country? According to official figures, the unemployment rate is low - only about 5%, which corresponds to the level of natural unemployment, however, few are sent to the labor exchange, since there is an opinion that they offer completely inappropriate work with low pay. Unofficial unemployment is estimated to be several times higher. What is the reason?
At first glance, there are plenty of jobs, but now, after studying, it is not necessary to work in a specialty, here graduates are looking for a dust-free and profitable place. Further, a lot of job advertisements turn out to be a hoax, many organizations violate the Labor Code with impunity. The absence of government intervention allows such companies to exist and mislead applicants. And also recently, many universities with a humanitarian bias graduate managers, lawyers, economists, the demand for which is small, while technical specialists are in short supply. And, of course, the decline in production and agriculture devalued the work of workers and peasants, forcing rural youth to move to the city, and those who could become good factory and factory workers to go to work in offices and shops.
So at the moment full employment in Russia is unrealistic. Even because it is impossible to force a person to work for a living wage (yes, there is no shortage of such workplaces) when it is impossible to survive and when luxury life is propagated everywhere.