Tuimazinskoye field is located in Bashkiria. In these places, oil was discovered back in 1770. The geological expedition team led by I. Lepekhin found a small oil mountain source. It was located near the settlement of Kusyapkulovo. Toward the end of the 19th century, a group of private businessmen searched for fossils in this place.
All of these attempts are isolated cases. Industrial development of wealth began much later (in the 30s of the last century). Not so long ago, Bashkortostan celebrated the 75th anniversary of its own oil industry.
Historical facts
The first black gold well began operating in 1932 near the Ishimbaevo settlement. Four years later, the first millionth batch of oil was produced in Bashkiria. Soon, the republic moved to the third position in the USSR (after putting into operation the Kusyapkulov and Ishimbay wells). The Tuymazinskoye field began operating at full capacity in the fall of 1944. It entered the top five world leaders in oil reserves. Soon, the development of dozens of other deposits began, and Bashkiria quickly became the leader in oil production in the Soviet Union.
Record figures (47.9 million tons) were achieved in 1967. After that, it was not possible to achieve such figures. Until the mid-80s, production was maintained at about 40 million tons per year. Then began a rapid decline due to the natural depletion of deposits and the high cost of reconnaissance operations. The introduction of innovative technologies to increase reservoir returns has allowed to reach 11 million tons. According to the Bashkir special agency for the use of mineral resources, the proven deposits of “black gold” at the Tuymazinsky deposit amount to more than 30 million tons of raw materials.
Description
The object under consideration is located in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russian Federation) near the city of Tuimazy. Tuimazinskoye oil field belongs to the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin. Opened in 1937, development has been ongoing since 1939. It is classified as large, belongs to the same name and Alexandrov uplifts, which are located in the area of the Almetyevskaya Upland of the Tatar Arch. Overall dimensions of the rise - 40x20 thousand meters.
Within the framework of the object under consideration, the sedimentary stratum belongs to Precambrian and Paleozoic sediments. Terrigenous manifestations are heterogeneous, they are sandstones with a density of up to 137 meters. Working horizons occur at depths of 1.0-1.68 km. Over 120 deposits have been discovered on the territory of the field, the main oil-bearing capacity is focused on the Devonian deposits, in which 54 wells are developed with a depth of 1.69-1.72 km.
Specifications
The total thickness of the reservoirs at the Tuymazinsky oil field is about 70 meters, and the porosity parameter is about 0.48 square microns. Other features of the object:
- collector type - porous;
- type of deposits - vaulted reservoir variety (shielded lithological);
- height - up to 68 meters;
- the indicator of starting reservoir pressure - 17.3-18.0 MPa;
- VNK marks - 1.48-1.53 km;
- temperature - 30 ° C.
Eight serious deposits (1.1-1.3 km) with a collector porosity of 3% and a deposit height of up to 30 meters were found in the limestone layers of the Devon tier. The density of the extracted material from these sources is about 890 kg / cubic meter, the sulfur capacity is up to 3 percent.
In the Kizelovsky horizon, limestones contain five massive deposits up to 35 meters high and up to 1.07 km deep. The density indicator is 894 kg / cu. m, sulfur capacity - 2.8-3.0%. The starting production rate of the wells is up to 250 tons per day, and each year it decreases by 5-8%. The paraffin content is up to 5.5%. It is worth noting that the main recoverable reserves have been worked out over 20 years, the annual oil production plan is 900 thousand tons.
Mechanized method of operation
The development of the Tuymazinsky oil field is predominantly carried out by the indicated method in two versions:
- The energy of the piece type is introduced into the production substance directionally, its distribution through the wells is carried out directly in the deposits. A similar type of energy supply and its dispersal are produced during the operation of pressure variations in the reservoirs.
- Artificial flow is delivered directly to a specific production well by devices with a mechanism of hydraulic, mechanical or electrical action. The introduction is carried out in several ways: compressed air or gas, special pumps of the deep type. The first method is called gas lift, the second - deep pump.
Features
A separate place in the characteristic of the Tuymazinskoye field is occupied by certain types of well production using natural liquid and gas energy. For these purposes, specialized underground devices are used that are not related to energy sources (downhole gas lift, plunger pump analog).
Wells begin to gush in the event of pressure drops between the reservoir and the bottomhole layer. This indicator should be sufficient to counteract the resistance of the liquid column and friction losses. Consequently, gushing occurs under the influence of hydrostatics or expanding gas. Most of the wells operate due to two factors simultaneously.
Well study
Among other characteristics of the Tuymazinsky oil field, there are geophysical methods for studying wells (logging). They represent a complex of geological and technical developments of well drilling, based on the study of various geophysical fields in them. The maximum distribution of these methods is observed in the study of oil and gas sources during drilling, testing and use.
Geophysical testing is carried out in several directions:
- verification of geological developments and their technical configuration;
- monitoring of exploration of deposits;
- execution of shooting, blasting and related work by the service of geophysicists;
- exploration of geological sections.
The last direction is one of the most important. It uses magnetic, acoustic, radioactive and other methods. Their nature depends on the physics of natural and artificial fields of various nature.
Geophysical methods
These methods provide comprehensive information about the condition of the rocks, their characteristics, and changes in the Tuymazinsky field during operation. They are often used when performing both geological and technical activities. The specificity of this technique involves the knowledge of special subjects, a special technique for performing manipulations and an appropriate interpretation of the results. In this regard, for these purposes, special geophysical organizations and brigades are created, equipped with the necessary engineering and technical personnel, equipment and devices.
The indicated research measures are logs of various directions (monitoring the transformation of certain values along the wellbore). The operation is performed using a special device that descends on an electric cable.
One of the most important development methods in the description of the Tuymazinskoye field is electric logging. The method makes it possible to study changes in the electric field that occurs spontaneously. It is formed due to the aggregation of fluid in the well with the rock and the transformation of the resistivity of these elements. Electric logging methods are focused on the differentiation of rocks. They are implemented using measuring probes.
Study by the method of steady selection
A similar study is carried out at the producing and injection sections of the wells with fixing characteristics not less than in three stable modes. This allows you to determine the productivity of the well, the potential of the reservoir and the operating pressure in terms of drainage of vertical and horizontal structures.
Types of repair of underground wells
In the description and characteristics of the Tuymazinsky field, the types of downhole repair should be mentioned. These include:
- Scheduled preventive maintenance - is carried out in order to prevent deviations from working technological programs of operation, which may be caused by malfunctions of underground devices or the wells themselves. This stage is planned in advance and is carried out according to the established schedule.
- Reconditioning repair is required in the event of an unexpected sharp deterioration in the operational mode of the mechanisms or their stop due to failure of the pump, breakage of the rod element and the like.
- Overhaul type of repair - is a set of works aimed at restoring siege-type columns, cement ring, bottomhole compartment. In addition, this includes the elimination of various accidents, lowering and lifting of special equipment with separate injection and operation.
Underground repair of wells involves the delivery of devices, preparatory work, lifting and launching maneuvers, dismantling and transportation of equipment.
Environmental protection
The construction and operation of oil and gas complex facilities at Tuymazinsky and other fields significantly affect the state of the land cover and wildlife. In this regard, they measure, evaluate and predict the transformations of bioorganisms with a subsequent reaction to these changes. The condition of the soil is determined taking into account the physico-chemical characteristics, functional and structural indicators. The main parameter for a qualitative assessment of surface water resources is the current velocity, water content factor, coastline topography features, the presence of transport and background pollution.