Agrotechnology is a set of measures aimed at obtaining high crop yields. Plant growth and development proceed under continuous environmental influences. Some conditions may constrain these processes, others may accelerate. This is what is taken into account when developing any agrotechnical plan.
What specific events can be held
For each particular crop, a separate agrotechnical plan is usually developed. For most plants, it includes the following activities:
Tillage. Before planting any vegetable crop, the soil on the field, in the greenhouse or in the beds should be loosened and leveled.
Fertilizer application. For growth and development, plants need nutrients. Under vegetable crops, both organic and mineral fertilizers can be applied.
Preparation of planting material. The main goal of this procedure is to increase germination and reduce the incidence of crops.
Sowing and planting. In this case, the technology for distributing seeds in the ground (depth, distance between plants, etc.) must be observed.
Care during the growing season. To get a good crop, plants should be loosened, weeded and, of course, watered.
Harvesting. Ripe vegetables need to be picked on time and properly prepared for storage.
Also, any agrotechnical plan is developed taking into account the rules of alternating different cultures. This allows you to increase productivity and significantly reduce the percentage of infection of plants with infectious diseases.
The main technologies for growing vegetables
There are several methods for caring for plants in this group. First of all, vegetable plants can be grown:
For one and the same culture, both methods can be used. It is more difficult to grow vegetables in greenhouses, but at the same time you can get crops both in summer and in winter.
Use of technology
An agrotechnical plan of mechanized technology for growing agricultural plants or a conventional one can also be drawn up. The second technique is most often used by summer residents in small suburban areas. In this case, usually only potato planting is mechanized (plowing). At agricultural enterprises, most of the activities related to the care of plants are carried out using equipment. This applies, for example, to procedures such as plowing, weeding, watering, cultivating, and sometimes the harvest itself.
Technologies for growing plants are also divided into intensive and extensive. In the first case, the emphasis is on the use of more advanced equipment, improvement of the organization of labor, etc. Extensive technologies involve, first of all, an increase in sown areas, as well as the attraction of additional labor.
Care Features
Of course, an agrotechnical plan for growing vegetables should be made taking into account their biological characteristics. Plant care is carried out mainly taking into account which particular group they belong to. Vegetables are classified as follows:
By life expectancy. In this regard, there are one, two and perennial cultures.
In relation to heat. The easiest way to develop an agrotechnical plan for a winter-hardy crop. Such plants are capable of developing at temperatures from 1 degree and easily tolerate frosts down to -10 degrees. Cold-resistant crops germinate at a temperature of 2-5 degrees. However, such vegetables usually do not tolerate an increase in t more than 25 degrees. Heat-loving crops make up the majority of cultivated crops at the moment. They go to growth at a temperature of 12-15 degrees. There are also heat resistant crops.
In relation to the light. In this case, all vegetable crops are divided into very demanding, less demanding and undemanding.
In relation to moisture. Most vegetables require frequent watering. Only some legumes, root crops and melons are not too demanding on moisture.
There are other signs, as well as methods for classifying vegetables . In any case, the biological characteristics of plants can affect factors such as planting dates, the choice of fertilizer types, layout, etc.
Crop rotation
The agrotechnical plan for the production of crops on large farms or on small suburban areas should be drawn up taking into account, inter alia, the frequency of planting of plants of different species. For example, it is highly discouraged to grow the same crop for several years in a row in the same place. Plants of different species consume from the soil and accumulate trace elements in green parts in unequal proportions. Therefore, when grown in one place for a long time, one crop is rapidly depleted of soil.
The same goes for infections. Each group of plants has the most common diseases and their own pests. So that, for example, a large number of spores of fungi, larvae, etc., do not accumulate in the soil, and crop rotation is performed.
Agrotechnical plan for growing beans
In order for the reader to get a clear idea of what agricultural technology is, we will briefly review how the beans are handled according to the rules.
When drawing up a plan for growing this crop, you first need to keep in mind that it is best planted after cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes or cabbage. Unlike peas, if desired, beans can be planted even after legumes. When sowing seeds are usually placed at a distance of 15-20 cm in a row and 45-50 cm in aisle. For autumn digging, it is desirable to add superphosphate in an amount of 40 g per 1 m 2 . On poor soils in the spring, before planting, additionally complete mineral fertilizer (70 g / m 2 ) is added. You can’t use too much nitrogen to feed the beans. This can lead to lower yields.
When growing this crop, it is also important to comply with irrigation technology. If you begin to moisten the soil under the beans too early, the ovaries may fall in the plants. In the summer, beans are watered sparingly, mainly only during drought.
Reviews about different methods of growing plants
For each particular vegetable crop at different times, many special agrotechnical methods have been developed. Many of them are successfully used both by summer residents in personal plots and by large agricultural enterprises. Very good reviews are available, for example, on the agrotechnical method of narrow ridges developed by Dr. Mittlider. As many domestic gardeners note, its use allows you to increase the yield by almost one and a half times. At the same time, the vegetables themselves grow very large.
Also, good reviews from those involved in the cultivation of crops, deserved an agrotechnical plan for growing vegetables according to Jevons. This experienced gardener advises using fertilizers with aerobic bacteria and planting plants in a checkerboard pattern. According to some gardeners, using Jevons technology, you can almost double the yield of vegetable crops.
Of course, there are not too good reviews about various kinds of exact technologies for cultivating plants of this group. Some summer residents believe that each such technique is applicable only to this particular area, to certain climatic conditions and varieties. Such vegetable growers prefer to develop their own methods of growing cucumbers, tomatoes, corn, carrots, beets, etc.
How to grow plants in a forest nursery
Based on what factors are developed a plan for the care of vegetables, we have found out. Other plants can be grown using more complex or simple technologies. For example, a plan of agrotechnical measures in a forest nursery is drawn up simultaneously for several fields. On the uterine plantation in such farms annual seedlings are grown. Such a field is laid once every few years and has no crop rotation. The rest of the plantations are traditionally called "schools." On each of them, trees and shrubs of different species can be grown, zones of green cuttings are determined, etc. When organizing the territory of the nursery itself, a plan for the location of access roads, dustproof plantings, farm buildings, etc.
Conclusion
Thus, we have found out what an agricultural technical plan for cultivation is. This is, first of all, an ordered and comprehensive project for the implementation of various activities aimed at obtaining the highest possible yield of vegetables. There are general rules for growing plants of this group. However, for each particular culture, based on its biological characteristics, its own plan is developed.