Our life is very unpredictable. You never know where you will be tomorrow and with what people you will have to communicate. One thing is for sure - smart and competent people are valued everywhere! Therefore, in order not to fall into the dirt with your face, you should pay attention first of all to your speech, including written. For example, the rules of commas in the Russian language will help to correctly compose any document. Indeed, often even small and insignificant errors can cause misunderstanding.
Punctuation and its role in Russian grammar
Punctuation is a section of the grammar of the Russian language that governs the use and placement of separators.
Thanks to punctuation marks, people, reading a book or a document, are able to understand the intonation, semantic load and emotions of the author.
Punctuation marks, in addition to the singular and semantic, also play a dividing and separating role, that is, they separate and separate sentences or words from each other. For example, in the sentence “What a wonderful weather!” The exclamation mark not only signals the end of the sentence, it also emphasizes the present mood of the author. In the syntax “Rain has started, the children have fled to their homes” - the comma separates two simple sentences, and also indicates a sequence of actions.
The following punctuation marks are used in the punctuation of the Russian language: “.”, “,”, “()”, “!”, “?”, “-”, “:”, “...”, “;” and themselves "". Each sign has its own functions in writing.
Why do we need commas in Russian?
The main function of commas in any language, not only in Russian, is separation. Commas are separated by homogeneous members of a sentence, simple sentences as part of complex sentences, and they also highlight turnovers, clarifying and introductory words, addresses.
For example: "Cities, towns, villages - everything is my own." “Cities”, “villages”, “villages” are homogeneous members of the proposal. In the following construction - “Clouds converged over the city, the wind started the game, the earth was shrouded in cold, the world was coming to an end ...” - commas are needed to separate simple sentences in a complex one.
The rules for setting a comma is the minimum that every student should know!
- So, in the syntactic construction, when the main and subordinate clauses are combined through repeated conjunctions - and ... and, neither ... neither, or ... or, like ... so - the commas are placed and carry a semantic and separating role. For example: "Not a day, not two, not three, my head hurt."
- In syntax constructs, commas are always set:
- Before the unions - a, and also, yes (in the meaning of “but”): “The house is warm and cozy, and a snowstorm is blowing outside the window”.
- Before allied words - however, nevertheless, nonetheless.
- When one sentence joins another with the words - where, so, where : "Never go to where the emptiness lives in the hearts ...".
- Before complex unions - due to the fact that, because, because : "Appreciate childhood, because it quickly leaves."
Sometimes in such unions a comma is placed in the middle, so one part of it is included in the main thing, and the second in the subordinate clause: "Mom did not allow Lisa to watch cartoons until she cleaned the room."
"Like ... so" - commas between homogeneous members of a sentence
One of the main functions of commas is to separate homogeneous members of a sentence, which may or may not be joined by unions. For example: “Cherries, cherries, plums grew in the garden” or “Cherries, cherries, and plums grew in the garden.”
- Commas are placed between homogeneous members in unions - a, but, yes, however, though ...
- With repeated alliances - neither ... nor, and ... and, then ... then, or ... or : "Or go and do not interfere, or stand and help!"
- When homogeneous members are united by union words - not so much ... how much, not only ... but, if not ... then, like ... so - the commas are placed inside the unions, and not before them: "Not only at night but even during the day the children did not go out into the yard. ”
- They put a comma in the repeated words that are used to show the duration of the action: "Soaps, soaps, but have not washed."
When else do you need to put a comma?
Separators such as commas are placed in syntactic constructions not only between homogeneous members.
Commas are needed to highlight:
- Comparative revolutions that begin in unions as if : "It was a hot day, as if in a desert."
- Clarifying words that are joined by unions - including, including, except, namely, in other words.
- Introductory words - no doubt, it happened, fortunately, unfortunately, however, obviously, probably, the truth, in a word, and others.
- Addresses: " Hello, Larisa Ivanovna!".
- Interjections - oh, hey, wow, oh, alas ...
- Affirmative and negative words: " Yes, I am the one you are looking for . "
Common Punctuation Errors
The main mistakes in punctuation are the incorrect placement of characters, in particular, extra commas. Therefore, it is important not only to know the rules for the use of separators, but also the exceptions to them.
- Often the designs " like clockwork", "like a cancer", "like a bucket ", which have already become aphorisms, are confused with comparative turns and mistakenly distinguish them with commas.
- Commas are not placed before unions like what, whose, where , if they are included in stable expressions - by all means, the devil knows what .
- Sometimes two consecutive verbs in one form are mistaken for homogeneous members and separated by commas: "I’ll go bring it," "Take it away."
- They also make mistakes in the doubles - both ... and - the commas are placed before the “how”. This is because a double union is perceived as a single or a comparative revolution. In this case, the comma is placed only inside the union, namely, before the word "so."
Be literate!
Grammar is a subject that they begin to study at school, but it brings benefits throughout life. The rules for writing commas are quite simple, so everyone is able to remember them. Indeed, a literate person in life is always easier!