The word is an important element of our daily life and, in particular, speech. This unit can rightly be called extremely diverse and voluminous. With its help, we not only give names to phenomena and objects, but also convey our thoughts and feelings. By remembering the main examples of speech errors, you can avoid them in the future and make your communication style cleaner.
When we decide which word to say, several aspects need to be considered. To them, first of all, belong stylistic coloring, appropriateness of use and level of compatibility with other components of the proposal. If you break even one of these rules, the probability of saying something wrong will increase significantly.
We follow the value
Examples of speech errors are often associated with the fact that the speaker does not understand the meaning of the word and uses it in a situation that is not suitable for this. So, in the phrase "the fire grew more and more intense" the verb was used incorrectly. It has two meanings.
The first of them is “to heat up, warm up to a high temperature”, and the second is to “get excited”. In this situation, it would be much more logical to use the word “flare up”. It just conveys the meaning that the author tried to put into the phrase.
Inappropriateness
Often, speakers use significant and official words, not taking into account their semantics. Often there are such speech errors in the media. Examples of them can be from the category of "thanks to a tornado, several thousand people died." The preposition with which this phrase begins should be used only in situations where we want to say what caused the desired, and not destructive, result.
The nature of this error lies in the semantic distraction of the word from the verb, which gave impetus to its appearance. In the above case, instead of “thanks,” you must say “due,” “due,” or “as a result.”
Similar but different
In any field of activity, speech errors are inevitable. Examples from life are often associated with the choice of word concepts that have different grounds for division. That is, we are talking about a combination of concrete and abstract vocabulary in one context. So, often there are phrases in the style of "we will provide a complete cure for drug addicts and other diseases." If we are talking about an illness, we need to use its name, and not talk about people who suffer from it. In this situation, it would be correct to use the word “addiction”.
At every step, speech and grammatical errors lie in wait for us . Examples of them can be so rooted in our lives that we may not even notice that we are speaking incorrectly. Such cases include misuse of paronyms. Many people are confused in terms of “addressee” (the one to whom we write the letter) and “addressee” (sender, author). To avoid embarrassment, you just need to remember the meaning of such problematic words.
Incongruous
Another eternal problem of many people is that they do not follow the lexical compatibility of the phrases they utter. Indeed, when we choose a suitable word, it is necessary to monitor not only its literary meaning. Not all designs can harmoniously connect with each other. To keep the speech balance, it is necessary to take into account the semantics, stylistics, grammatical features of words and not only.
You can find a variety of sentences with speech errors. Examples can be of this type: “A good father needs to show a sample to his children.” In this case, you must use the word "example".
Synonyms, homonyms, paronyms
Misuse of synonyms is often associated with speech errors on television. Examples are often associated with the wrong choice of the emotional coloring of the word and the scope of its use: "The General Director made a mistake and immediately proceeded to correct it." Much better for this situation would be a neutral word "error", instead of the chosen slang.
Homonyms also often cause erroneous utterances. If you do not take them out of context, the meaning of such words will be quite understandable. But there are times when they are used in absolutely unsuitable for this situation. Hearing the sentence "The crew is in excellent condition now," we won’t be able to understand who or what it was about: the crew or the wagon. In this situation, an additional context is indispensable.
Types of speech errors (we will deal with examples a bit later) are often associated with the fact that speakers incorrectly use ambiguous words. To avoid such missteps, it is necessary to monitor how acceptable a particular word is for a particular situation.
The context plays a big role in this. It is with its help that one can understand the meaning of many words. An example is “she is so divorced.” Without further explanation, it is difficult to understand whether the heroine was carried away by the action performed or simply gained momentum.
Too much or too little
A separate category in the formulation of sentences is the use of verbosity. Types of speech errors with examples are discussed below:
- Pleonasms (the use of words that are close in meaning and at the same time superfluous in this situation): "Each guest received a souvenir."
- Unnecessary words (not because of lexical similarity, but simply because they should not be used in this sentence): "Then, so that you can enjoy life, our gift shop will take care of this on January 10th."
- Tautologies (several concepts that have the same roots or other morphemes): "Our company is set for a festive mood."
- Split predicates (where one word can be said, several are said that convey the same meaning). Often there are such speech errors in the media. Examples can be: “fight” instead of “fight,” “eat food” instead of “eat,” etc.
- Parasites (usually particles or nouns with which people fill in awkward pauses in their statements): “damn”, “well”, “e”, as well as various obscene language.
Examples of speech errors are also often associated with the lexical incompleteness of the statement. This is a pass in the sentence of the word, which logically should be there. Such a blunder is present in the sentence "do not publish statements on the pages of newspapers and television that can cause an aggressive reaction." One gets the impression that the author says "on the pages of television."
New and old
Many types of speech errors with examples are associated with the use of inappropriate new and obsolete words. Often, authors unsuccessfully fit them into context or come up with their own inappropriate forms. So, in the sentence “This year more than twenty thousand rubles were allocated for patching ”, the author's neologism “patching” means “pit repair”, which is impossible to understand without additional context.
Archaisms are words that have become obsolete. With their use, you must also be careful. Some insert them into texts that require the use of neutral vocabulary, rather than outdated. “Subbotnik is taking place at school” - this is the case when it would be better to say “now” to make the text more logical in style.
Foreign words
Examples of speech errors also often appear due to the incorrect use of words that came to our country from abroad. Many people manage to rush in beautiful phrases of such an origin, not even fully understanding their meaning and sematic nuances.
"My purchase plan is limited due to the fact that I earn little." This is the case when it was necessary to use a simpler wording like the phrase "runs slower."
Vocabulary problems
Speech errors in the literature, examples of which can be found in many books, are often associated with the wrong choice of vocabulary. These may not be dialecticisms, vernaculars, jargon and phraseological units that are not quite suitable for a particular text. When choosing words from these groups, it is necessary to monitor how harmoniously they fit into the general context. You must also adhere to a certain style of presentation in the narrative. If we want to say “I met a neighbor at the entrance”, we don’t need to call her “scraper” (dialectic).
In the sentence “I bought a thin TV”, it’s better to use the neutral word “thin” or “bad” instead of vernacular, depending on what meaning you put in the text. Otherwise, the addressee of your speech may misunderstand what you are saying.
Professional jargon “steering wheel” is appropriate in the dialogue of drivers, but not in the seller’s description of the interior of the new car model: “Armchairs and steering wheel are upholstered in genuine leather.” Phraseologisms also cause a lot of difficulties in proper use: "This person constantly throws beads in front of pigs." This expression means “invent, lie,” but without any additional context it can be interpreted literally.