Language is one of the most interesting objects of study. Today we will consider the concept of "single word". Examples, of course, also will not keep you waiting.
Definition
Logical beginning, right? Let's not disappoint anyone.
Single words are those that have only one lexical meaning. They are also called monosemantic. The pessimistic reader will understand that the last adjective could not do without the Greek language, and he is absolutely right, for monos is one and semantikos is meaning. Not so hard, right?
Although the majority of the Russian language is ambiguous words, the concept of a “single word” (examples follow) can be found than to illustrate.
For the sake of such a case, we will write about the examples separately.
Kinds
Without preliminaries, we pass to the main point.
- Proper names. Petya, Vasya, Kolya, Naum Romanovich - they all mean only what is written about. Even if a person has several names, as in the famous film “Moscow does not believe in tears,” the names themselves in this case are all the same unambiguous. Even the translation of the name "John" as "Ivan" does not mean anything, because the names themselves are unambiguous, and the fact that they have different spellings in different cultural traditions while preserving the essence does not interest anyone. The rule also applies to the names of cities, for example, Moscow, Vladivostok or Venice.
- Recently born, but already Russified words are also unambiguous. Among them, one can distinguish “pizza”, “briefing” and even “foam rubber”. But, for example, the "manager" (also recent) is ambiguous.
- The words denoting things of special purpose ("suitcase", "beads", "trolley").
- Terms are always unambiguous. Names of diseases or parts of speech in Russian.
Naturally, it is impossible to imagine a single word (examples already existed) as something frozen, its meaning can vary within the context, but retain its essence. Birch still remains itself, no matter what language environment it accompanies.
How do you know how many words a word has?
This question can be answered simply and easily. Naturally, the scientific poking method is not suitable here, it is better to turn to the explanatory dictionary, and if there is one meaning, then, accordingly, the word is unambiguous. Example: a smile is a mimic movement of the face, lips, eyes, showing a disposition to laugh, expressing greetings, pleasure or mockery and other feelings. It is also characteristic that in the Russian language a smile does not have suitable synonyms, one hundred percent. And rightly so: kindness must be uncontested.
On the other hand, a smile is not only good, but also evil, arrogant, arrogant, crazy, but we will not talk about sad and terrible things.
The reader, of course, is still interested in the question: “Is“ samovar ”a single-valued word?” Yes, sure. Do not believe us, ask the dictionary. The latter will not lie. Moreover, a samovar, like a suitcase, is a specific subject. There is little demand for it.
Boot and boots
In the context of the topic, a very interesting detail is recalled. Look, if we are talking about the boot in the singular, then this is not only “shoes covering the legs”, as written in the dictionary, but also “a rude, ignorant person who does not understand anything”, that is, the boot is a multi-valued word (after all, he has more than one meaning), but the plural boots are an unambiguous word. Needless to say, the Russian language is great and powerful. Probably, in every medium of communication there are subtleties that only carriers know for certain, but we, in turn, do not get tired of wondering how rich our language is.
Language development potential
The last example about boots suggests this interesting conclusion: maybe it is slang and figurative meanings in the future that will cover all new territories. For example, Tula will be called "samovars", and not necessarily it will be bad. “Suitcase” will take on some other meaning, like the meaning that is now given to the word “ballast”. For example, a poorly earning husband or relative is a suitcase without handles: it’s a pity to leave it and it’s hard to carry it. But only in the future the figurative meaning will break the connection with the spoiled thing and become an independent meaning.
You can dream up a whole bunch of such changes, try it, you will like it, we are sure.
All sorts of interesting words - this is what colors our life, ours, sorry for the stamp, gray everyday life. But language as something everyday ceases to be perceived by people as a storehouse of amazing things. How to be?
Listen to how young people say how children reason. For example, in the book “From 2 to 5” by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky there are wonderful episodes of children's insights on how the world works. Of course, the illustrious classic reduces children's language errors to an elementary ignorance of the laws of word formation and other rules, but there is something ingenious in these inaccuracies and absurdities. True, this does not mean at all that such liberties should be encouraged or rejoiced. The pedagogical code is strict, and language teaching does not tolerate democracy, but it will be interesting for adults to get acquainted with a beautiful book.
However, we were very distracted, but there would be no harm from this, all the more it is clear to everyone which word is unambiguous.