One of the most productive types of farm animals are thoroughbred pigs. Breeding them at home is a fairly profitable and profitable business. At the moment, the Russian government pays great attention to the development of the country's agriculture. Therefore, having decided to start a business of raising these animals, we can hope, among other things, for state support.
Organizational matters
Having decided to organize a large farm, a novice entrepreneur will have to register his company and pay taxes to the state. The most appropriate way to organize in this case is most likely to be IP. This legal form does not require a long and complicated design, accounting, etc. Taxes in this case are usually paid according to a simplified scheme.
However, registering a farm as an IP is advisable only when the entrepreneur is going to contain at least 100-200 pigs. In this case, it is necessary to hire workers, to purchase a large number of equipment, inventory, etc. If there is not a very large livestock, it is unprofitable to set up a farm as an individual entrepreneur, and therefore pay taxes. Without registration, such an enterprise is considered an ordinary household.
Preparatory work
Of course, pig breeding as a small business will be successful only if properly organized. First of all, it is necessary to build a spacious room for the animals themselves, as well as the accompanying outbuildings. For IP buildings, at least 3 will be needed - for an adult livestock, young animals, as well as for equipment and inventory. In the usual household plots, you can get by with a shed with a small hozblok.
What should be a barn
Pigs, breeding at home which will be successful only if they arrange a comfortable room for them, are unpretentious animals, but they must be kept clean and warm. When building a pigsty, the following points should be taken into account:
- You can build a barn from any materials. However, concrete and reinforced concrete are not well suited for this purpose. These materials do not retain heat well, therefore, in winter the animals will be cold and sick.
- The floor of the barn should not be rigid. Otherwise, the animals will damage the hooves and catch a cold. Typically, the floor is made of unedged, fairly thick boards.
- The floors of the pigsty should have a slope for urine flow of at least 5 cm per 2 linear meters. In the lower part, near the wall, a gutter is arranged to drain the liquid outside the shed. Cleanliness conditions for pigs must be observed. Otherwise, animals will become infected with infectious diseases.
- Pig machines are arranged at the opposite wall. One head should account for about 3 square meters. meters square. Watering machines and wooden or metal feeders are installed in front of the machines, and straw is laid inside them.
- The ceilings in the pigsty should not be higher than 2-2.5 m. Otherwise, the room will be cold in winter.
- In front of the shed, a large walk is arranged.
Pig maintenance and breeding: breed selection
So, the barn is built, the inventory is purchased, the feeders are shot down and installed. What next? And then you will need to take care of choosing good manufacturers. First of all, you should determine the breed of animals. There are currently just a huge number of them.
In terms of productivity, a domestic pig is classified into breeds - meat, meat-greasy and greasy. The choice in this case depends mainly on the personal preferences of the farmer himself. Most farm owners consider pig breeding with the so-called "marble" meat to be the most cost-effective. It is much easier to sell these quality products. Such meat with many fatty layers is distinguished by simply remarkable taste, it is willingly bought by restaurants, canteens and ordinary people.
Of course, the breed must be adapted to the climatic conditions of the region where the farm will be located. For Central Russia , for example, landrace (meat), Siberian northern (universal), SM (meat), etc., are very well suited.
Feeding
Pigs, breeding at home which involves including the development of a suitable diet, should receive a large amount of concentrated feed. Fast weight gain and improved meat quality is facilitated by feeding cereals such as barley, rye and millet. Also a very good solution is the introduction into the diet of animals of potatoes, peas, carrots, pumpkins, beets. Somewhat less often, pigs are fed corn and buckwheat. Good results in terms of productivity can be achieved by introducing bran - wheat, barley, etc. into the "menu"
The taste of meat is significantly impaired when feeding pigs with oats, oilcake and soy. In this case, the fat loses its density and quickly turns yellow during storage, and the meat turns out to be loose and flabby. Therefore, such feeds are usually given to animals in very small quantities.
How to spend mating
Breeding pigs as a small business implies the need for continuous updating of livestock. New and slaughtered animals should be replaced by new ones. Therefore, we will further consider how and when mating of producers is carried out, how exactly these animals reproduce.
Pig breeding can begin at about 8-10 months of age. In this case, one should take into account the fact that too young uterus bring few piglets. So, six-month-old pigs usually give birth to about 8 cubs. One-year-olds are already around 10-12.
The success in mating these animals largely depends on how correctly the hunting period of the future uterus was determined. Its symptoms include swelling and redness of the genitals, the presence of bleeding, anxiety and decreased appetite. When the peak of hunting is reached, the pig falls into a certain “stupor”. At this point, the boar should be launched. The period of hunting in pigs lasts from 1 to 3 days with a frequency of 17-24 days.
Pregnancy and offspring
The feed of a pregnant domestic pig should receive only high-quality and fresh. In the second half of pregnancy, which in these animals lasts about 112-115 days, a large number of cereals are included in the diet. You can not give the future uterus too cold water.
Farrowing of pigs is accompanied by attempts at a frequency of 10 minutes. Moreover, each time a new cub is born. Childbirth can last for 1.5-6 hours. Piglets are washed on newborn piglets and their mouths and ears are cleaned from mucus. Then the kids are wiped dry and bandaged with an umbilical cord at a distance of 5 cm from the abdomen. The end of the channel is cut 1 cm higher and burned with iodine.
If the newborn pig does not show signs of life, you can try to correct the situation by blowing air through his mouth, and lowering his carcass for a minute in warm water. Thus, farrowing of pigs should in any case occur in the presence of the owner or employed employee. The lunge in this case will be much smaller.
Slaughter of animals
The ultimate goal of such an event as home breeding of pigs, of course, is to obtain lard and meat. These animals are slaughtered in private households, as well as on small farms, usually in two ways. The first is that one person knocks a pig down on the ground and holds it, while the other strikes directly at the heart or cuts the carotid artery. When using the second technology, the animal is first tied with a short rope to the stake, and then stunned with a sledgehammer or the sole of an ax. Further, in the heart, as in the first technique, a narrow knife is stuck.
In any case, before slaughter, the animal must be prepared. First of all, the pig should be washed. A day before the procedure, it is also stopped being fed. This is necessary so that the animal more willingly leaves the pigsty (a pig can be lured by food). In addition, a decrease in the norm of feed leads to the release of the intestines and stomach from excess substances, and therefore to an improvement in the quality of meat and fat.
The carcass of a slaughtered animal should be scorched by a gas burner to remove the bristles. Sometimes another way is used. The carcass is simply covered with a thin layer of straw or coniferous twigs. Then they are set on fire. In this case, the skin acquires a pleasant shade and smell. At the next stage, flaying and cutting are performed.
Meat sales
Farmed pig farmers usually cut carcasses to stores, restaurants or cafes. You can also sell meat in the local market. If the farm is large enough, a very good solution would be to open your own point.
Pigs, breeding at home which is not particularly troublesome, unpretentious in food, rarely get sick and quickly gain weight. The meat of these animals today is quite expensive, and therefore the business of breeding them - if approached properly - can become quite cost-effective.