Proper storage of grain masses requires the construction of granaries. Such structures should protect the crop from the negative effects of the environment, prevent the appearance of fungal pathogens, protect against damage by rodents, insects and other pests. In this regard, a number of requirements are imposed on the structures:
- Buildings must be strong and stable, easily withstand the pressure of dry and wet grain masses.
- The facility is required to protect the grain from the effects of precipitation, groundwater, condensate and other sources of moisture.
- The construction of granaries should be carried out with the introduction of fire safety systems.
- Designs should be convenient for maintenance: to provide free access of equipment, product control, not to create difficulties for the work of disinfectors and disinsectors.
- Grain warehouses should be equipped with suction systems to reduce dust and create comfortable conditions for staff to work.
In addition, the facilities must meet economic requirements - be easy to operate, durable and reliable. In order to obtain the greatest profit from the sale of products, the construction of granaries should be carried out at an optimal distance from the places of harvest and its sale.
Grain classification
Several types of storage facilities are being built to preserve the grain mass.
According to the design features, two types of structures for storing grain masses are distinguished:
- Frameless buildings. They are being built to save already dried products, since special requirements are not imposed on it. Their main advantage is the speed of construction, low cost.
- Frame construction. They are built for storage and control of grain mass, equipped with ventilation, aspiration, control systems. The main advantage is the ability to store crops at any stage.
The choice of a particular type depends on the estimated quantity of products, as well as on the variety of crops sold. Among the most popular structures, floor and bunker structures are distinguished.
Floor storage
The design of floor storages implies the presence of upper and lower tiers, which are equipped for transportation and distribution of crops.
Most often, two types of turnkey granaries are being built:
- With horizontal floors - they are used so that when storing several varieties of crops they do not mix with each other.
- With inclined flooring - used to save grain masses with shallow occurrence of groundwater.
Very often in such constructions, the mechanisms of distribution, transportation and maintenance are located underground, thereby saving internal space.
Bunker Type Granaries
The construction of granaries in Voronezh of the bunker type is ordered by enterprises that need to provide appropriate storage conditions for several types of crops. The simplest structures are floor structures, the internal space of which is divided by partitions to prevent mixing of the grain mass.
The most progressive are cylindrical tanks up to 10-12 meters high with a cone-shaped bottom. The latter solution provides autonomous unloading of products by gravity. For the needs of the enterprise erected several tanks with a double row arrangement with a passage for staff.
Construction stages
Construction begins with a study of the proposed location of the facility. At this stage, possible sources of heat are determined, geological exploration is carried out, the type of grain and the requirements are studied, the observance of which is necessary for its storage.
After that proceed directly to the work:
- An estimate is made, which indicates the type of equipment, area, layout plan and other data about the object.
- Design of granaries, which take into account the requirements of customers and terrain conditions.
- The foundation foundation, the laying of communication lines, the installation of power and distribution transformers.
- Construction: installation of the frame, sheathing, installation of waterproofing, arrangement of the roof and other works.
Before commissioning the facility to the customer, commissioning is carried out to ensure proper storage of grain masses. Some companies, after the construction of granaries are completed, prepare personnel for work.