How prepositions differ from prefixes (main differences). The difference between prepositions and prefixes

He ran and jumped, ran out and jumped out,

And then from the gateway, under the gate, under the fence,

Under the bench, behind the pillar, on the porch and behind the house.

Left, right, top, down, under your feet and underneath,

Back, side, behind, everywhere he is with me now.

Barking is constantly heard, this is my puppy Abay.

Ah, what a puppy! Not a minute on the spot! But he is not a hero in this poem, but words with prepositions and prefixes.

Why do we write together the words “ran up” and “jumped up”, “ran out” and “jumped out”, “gate”, “left”, “right”, “top”, “down”, “behind”, “side”, “ incessantly "?

Why do we write separately “under the gate”, “under the fence”, “under the bench”, “behind the pillar”, “on the porch”, “behind the house”, “under the feet”, “under the bottom”, “behind the back”, “ with me"?

The answer to these questions is quite simple: prefixes are written together, and separately - prepositions.

And how do prepositions differ from consoles?

Prepositions and prefixes - different units of the language

Being completely different language units, prefixes and prepositions are defined as follows:

• A prefix is ​​a part of a word facing the root and serving to form a new word.
• A preposition is a service part of speech that connects words with each other.

At this stage, it is important to understand that there are no prepositions in front of verbs, but only prefixes, and they are written with words together.

Prepositions and prefixes in different ways associated with words

There is a sure way that will surely tell you how to distinguish a preposition from a prefix.

The fact is that prepositions and prefixes are associated in different ways with words. Prepositions allow the insertion of words between themselves and the next word, and prefixes cannot be divided with the words that they form in the prefix way.

To prove this, you can conduct an experiment:

• Mushrooms grow under birch trees. - Mushrooms grow under (these) birches (insertion of a word is possible - it is written separately).
• The boletus grows there. - There grow under (these) birch trees (insertion of a word is impossible - it is written together).
  

Examples of words with the prefix pre-: underbelly, aspen, cup holder, chin, undergrowth, underground, window sill, suspension, bedding, stand, fit, backup, staircase, approach, drive-in, filed, undercut, suspension, etc.

There are many words with other prefixes, but the general model of their formation will always be the same.

Distinction of prepositions and prefixes with the help of a question

If you put a case question from the main word to the dependent, then you can easily distinguish the preposition from the prefix. Prepositions will be part of the question, and they need to be written separately:

• came out (from whom?) from a friend;
• believed (in what?) in justice;
• fought (for what?) for their homeland;
• thinking (what?) about the assignment;
• searched (in what?) in the diary;
• running (what?) in bags;
• game (what?) in dominoes;
• happy (from what?) from victory.
  

It should be noted that only questions of indirect cases are used:

• genus. n. - coped (without what?) without errors;
• wines. n. - paid (for what?) for electricity;
• Dates n. - went (for what?) for bread;
• tv n. - met (with whom?) with a friend;
• etc. p. - Thought (what?) about the case.

Pretext tale

Usually children love linguistic tales, one of which will help them understand how prepositions differ from prefixes.

“There lived-there were words in the country of Linguine. They lived together, often joined families and became relatives. In this, the Prefix played a huge role, which only by its presence turned some words into others. Everyone loved her so much that they wanted to get up to her as much as possible closer - together.

But then once Preposition appeared in that country, it was very much like the Prefix, but its character was different. He was a real squabbler. Soon the Preposition quarreled with all the words: Noun, Adjective, Pronoun. But the Verb was most angry. He was so angry that he refused to stand next to the Preposition.

So they live in the magical land of Prefix and Preposition. Their differences are that the words tend to get closer to the Prefix, and away from the Preposition. The verb does not allow him to stand in front of him at all, he only recognizes the Prefix. "

Tasks for distinguishing prepositions and prefixes in the second class

Every second grader should know how the prefix differs from the preposition. Grade 2 easily copes with tasks, such as the following:

1) Write the text, expanding the brackets:

What a delight - a new ball!

(Po) rolled right away (c) jump

And (for) jumped (along) the path,

(you) jumped under Ninke’s legs.

Nina saw the ball

With him a little (in) played:

(Po) threw, (po) threw,

(From under) the stairs (to) became

(Under) the bush took it,

(C) new gave me my ball.

2) Where can I insert an excuse?

Is playing ...

• Piano
• dominoes;
• violin;
• at home;
• music;
• button accordion.

3) How do prepositions differ from prefixes?

• letters and sounds;
• the composition of the word;
• separate writing.

4) Insert the prepositions and prefixes in the words:

• ... rode ... to grandma;
• ... pounded .... Door;
• ... played ... the site;
• ... cities were taken;
• ... walked ... forest;
• ... were taken ... thicket.

5) Turn phrases with a preposition into words with a prefix:

• bandage on the sleeve _________________________________
• wall clock _____________________________________
• lamp on the table ____________________________________
• hour before dawn ________________________________
  
• songs at the table __________________________________
• residents under water ________________________________
• village across the river _________________________________

Prepositions and prefixes in dialects

The next stage in the study of prepositions is grade 7. At this stage, dialects are studied, formed by the method of transition from nouns with prepositions.

This is a very difficult topic, since the joint and separate spelling of adverbs is most often necessary to remember. It can be difficult to determine in them how the prefix differs from the preposition, what is the difference in the spelling of such words.

• Adverbs with prefixes: left, right, up, down, top, bottom, at random, left, light, dark, advance, right, up, clean, swollen, naked, top, bottom, dry, top, bottom, left, right, etc.
• Adverbs with pretexts: to no avail, to the point of ridicule, to ridicule, to the dump, to the drop, to death, after midnight, on the run, to the gallop, to fame, to laughter, from strength, in the old way, from the swoop, for joy, for memory, in conscience, under the guise, under the slope, etc.

How do prepositions differ from prefixes in dialects?

In most cases, prefixes are written before adverbs, prepositions are written less often. Usually the spelling of prefixes and prepositions in this part of speech is determined by the words from which they are formed. Consider some of these conditions.

1) Adverbs that are formed from other adverbs are written together, but if they are used in the meaning of a noun, they are written separately:

• The next day everyone came on time (came on time when?) - the meaning of an adverb.
• The meeting was scheduled for tomorrow (scheduled for what time?) - the meaning of the noun.

2) Adverbs formed from nouns that are not currently used without a prefix are written together. Examples of such words: plenty (content), smithereens (chatter), locked up (locked), retire (own), back to back (butt), offhand (outburst), off guard (outflank), soft-boiled (wrinkle), secretly (quiet), completely (inside), from the inside (inside), from underneath (underbody), from below (quiet), to the ground (earth), obliquely (sagging), nasmeranka (smarka), hastily (hastily), on an empty stomach (fasting), at random (guessing), on the alert (check), unbeknownst (house), accidentally (vznacha), unbearable (grave), out of place (hit), at a distance (odal), across (across), in half (on the floor), afternoon (noon), outside (out), early (pozadranka) prosonok (prosonok) syzmalstva (malstvo) too (bags).

3) Adverbs formed from:

• numerals: two, three, two (but: two, three, four);
• brief adjectives: left, dark, red-hot, long since, foolishly, simply;
• full adjectives: close, empty, blind (but if the adjective begins with a vowel, it is written separately: open) ;
• pronouns: in a draw, in full;
• nouns, if you can’t insert a word between a word and a preposition: ford, plenty, subsequently, really, soon, dry, ready, all the way, honestly, for a long time.

4) Adverbs are written together with the prefix - and the suffix -ku: interspersed, tightly mixed, randomly, out-of-band .

Exceptions: in mockery, in installments, in curiosity , as well as with words beginning with a vowel: alone.

5) Adverbs are written together that have spatial or temporal meanings: up, down, left, right, first, finally, forever.

Prepositions are written before adverbs, if you can insert some element between them and the word: without (my) knowledge, without (any) request, without (unnecessary) bruises, without (any) hold.