In the beginning was the word ... We communicate and consciously form our speech in communication, using certain language units. They will be the subject of study in this article. To find out (or remember) what the secondary members of the sentence are and how they can appear in the text / speech, we turn to the basic concepts.
What is an offer?
To begin with, the word is not the only, but the basic structural language unit. She names objects. A set of words, combined together by meaning, grammar and intonation, is made into a sentence. It will be the next language unit. It consists of a combination of correct grammatical verbal compounds, in fact - members of a sentence.
What are proposal members?
In terms of grammar, these are important parts (words or their combinations) within one complete phrase. They fulfill their roles and carry a certain meaning. They are usually divided into main and secondary. In order to reveal the answer to the question “what are the secondary members of the proposal?”, We briefly mention the main ones in order to form a general idea.
The main members include subject and predicate. Their immediate task is to form the framework, the basis of the proposal. These components are independent of other words. But the forms of other language units may depend precisely on the subject and predicate.
What are the minor members of a sentence?
These are all linguistic units except the subject and predicate. Here it is necessary to clarify: minor members can be dependent not only on the main ones, but also on each other. This is how difficult our Russian language is!
Minor members of a sentence may identify, supplement, and clarify meaningful words. We will get to know each language unit in detail. Consider them with specific examples and understand what are the secondary members of the proposal: definition, addition, circumstance.
Definition
This minor member of the sentence speaks for itself. It characterizes the quality of an object, its distinguishing property or distinguishing feature. The definition is asked questions such as “what?”, “Which?”, “Which?” or “whose?”, “whose?”, “whose?”, “whose?”: “beautiful dress” (what dress?), “hare ears” (whose ears?). Identify the definitions agreed and inconsistent:
- The first variety has agreement with the main word in the case and number (if the number is singular, then it is also in the genus). In addition, the agreed definition may be expressed in different ways and appear before the defined word. For example, “fluffy (adj.) Willow”, “your (local) teacher”, “first (num.) Day”, “fallen (prich.) Leaf”.
- The second type of definition does not formally have a coordination, however, there is a connection with the determined language unit only by the way of adjoining or controlling: “face in freckles”, “man in coat”, “children with apples”. An inconsistent definition is expressed in the following possible ways: "weather in Moscow" (n. With an excuse), "flight of a butterfly" (n. Without an excuse), "desire to find out" (inf.), "Bigger cube" (adj. .), "walking" (adv.), "her brother" (possessive. places), "neither fish nor meat" (whole combination).
- Another variation of the definition is the application. As a rule, it is expressed by a noun. The application gives an explanatory description of an object or person, opens it from some new perspective. It stands in the same form as the noun to which it refers. For example, “The Mistress (named after them), a hospitable woman (named after them), let them welcome them into the house”.
Addition
This minor part of the sentence denotes the subject, a certain clarified word. All questions of indirect cases will work here. Addition can be expressed in the following parts of speech:
- A noun in an indirect case with or without a preposition: "He watches (what?) A film and dreams (what?) About adventures."
- Any part of a speech that fulfills the function of a noun: "They carefully listened to (whom?) The speaker."
- The indefinite form of the verb: "We asked him (what?) To join."
- A steady combination: "He asks you (what?) Not to take the raven around and be more careful."
- Numeral: "Divide (what?) Fifteen by (what?) Three."
Addition may be direct or indirect:
- Direct is an addition in the accusative case without a preposition after the transitive verb or in the genitive case with the negative verb (usually a single) “buy (what?) Book”, “love (whom?) Parents”, “ignore (what ?) at the sign. "
- Indirect - additions in all other cases (there may be several): "We (to whom?) Will come to you."
Circumstance
This minor term has the function of explaining words and designating the conditions under which the action itself takes place. It can be expressed:
- Adverb: "We walked calmly and measuredly."
- Noun in an indirect case with the pretext: "They rested on weekends until the evening."
- Communion: "Smiling, she poured tea into a cup."
- The indefinite form of the verb: "I called to find out how you are doing."
There are many more types of this category of sentence members than definitions and additions. The circumstances of time, mode of action, place, purpose, reason, concession, conditions, measure and degree are highlighted.
We mentioned in passing the subject, predicate, and examined in more detail the definition, addition, circumstance, in order to answer the question "what are the secondary members of the sentence?" This article comes to its logical conclusion, but the topic itself does not end, because each language unit can be disassembled and investigated in detail. We hope that this material has been useful.