Phraseology is a very interesting section of linguistics, attracting the attention of both those wishing to master the Russian spoken language perfectly, and experienced scientists whose purpose is to study it far and wide.
First of all, phraseologism is a combination of words, and, at first glance, it may not differ from the usual one. However, the peculiarity of phraseological units is that the words in them lose their individual lexical meanings and constitute a new semantic whole. So, the phrase “watch a movie” is considered simple, while the well-known expressions “just spit”, “drive by the nose”, “hack on the nose” and many others are called phraseological or related. The meanings of phraseologisms may vary depending on the situation and the goal the speaker is pursuing.
In most cases, such expressions are fixed in the language as a result of constant and prolonged use by their native speakers. Sometimes the “age” of phraseology can reach several centuries. It is interesting that sentences with phraseological units are used by us daily, and sometimes we do not notice how we pronounce such phrases. In addition, the same phrase can be used both as free and as phraseological, which depends on the meaning of the utterance and context. For example, you can "close your eyes while falling asleep" or "close your eyes to the terrible behavior of a neighbor's child."
Phraseology is called the totality of phraseological units, that is, indivisible and integral in value expressions that are reproduced in the form of ready-made units of speech. Sentences with phraseological units are so common, and the nature of such expressions is so heterogeneous that it became necessary to divide them into specific groups. This classification is based on the origin and traditions of use in oral speech.
1) Phrases borrowed from colloquial vocabulary: “lose your head”, “speak your teeth”, “fish without fish and cancer” and so on.
2) Phrases from narrow, professional areas of use. For example, drivers say “turn the steering wheel”, railway workers introduced the expressions “bewildered”, “green street” into the Russian language, joiners like to do work “without a hitch, without a hitch”. There are many such examples.
3) Phrases from the literature. Sentences with phraseological units from literature are found especially often, and, as a rule, these are sentences with terms from scientific use or expressions from outstanding works of fiction. Examples include the expressions “living corpse,” “the thing smells like kerosene,” and others. Among the examples borrowed from the scientific literature, we will name such combinations: “chain reaction”, “bring to white heat” and other phraseological units.
Examples of sentences with such words can be found in any textbook of the Russian language, as well as in the everyday speech of its average native speaker, but they are widely used not only in conversation, but also in other speech styles. In each particular style, the use of phraseological units is related to what they express.
Usually sentences with phraseological units appear where it is necessary to avoid dryness and stereotyped communication. It should be remembered that the "book" expressions are solemn and poetic, while colloquial phrases are characterized by irony, familiarity or contempt. One way or another, but phraseological units make our speech brighter, more interesting and expressive.