Industry is an important component of the country's economic complex. Its leading role is determined by the fact that it supplies new materials and tools to all sectors of the economy . Among other industries, it is distinguished by district- and complex-forming functions.
Briefly about the industry of Russia
Today, the number of enterprises in Russia is approaching the mark of 460 thousand, they provide jobs for almost 15 million people, the volume of their products exceeded the mark of 21 billion rubles. The industry of our country is characterized by a complex diversified and diversified structure, reflecting changes in the improvement of productive forces, in the development of the territorial division of labor. It is directly related to scientific and technological progress.
Classification
Modern industrial enterprises in Russia are characterized by a fairly high level of specialization. Due to the deepening division of labor, various industries, sub-sectors, and types of production have arisen. Together, they form an industry structure. In the current current classification, eleven complex industries are identified, such as electricity, fuel, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, metalworking and engineering, petrochemical and chemical, pulp and paper, forestry, woodworking, food, light industry. This division is determined by many economic and social factors, the main of which are: technological progress, level of development, social and historical conditions, natural resources, production skills of the local population.
Industry is divided into:
- Mining . This includes industries related not only to mining, but also to enriching them. In addition, it includes fishing for sea animals, fish and seafood.
- Processing . This includes industrial enterprises in Russia engaged in the processing of mining products. In addition, it includes the processing of forest and agricultural raw materials. This industry is the basis of all the country's heavy industry.
The largest enterprises in Russia. Gazprom"
Consider the seven leaders in the ranking of the largest companies in our country. In compiling this list, their assets, revenue and profits were taken into account. Mostly chemical companies in Russia were included in the list of giants, or rather, one of the branches of this branch - oil production. But first things first.
So, the undisputed leader is Gazprom. This gas company of Russia was founded in 1989. She works in the field of gas production and distribution. Gazprom takes the fifteenth place in the world in terms of its assets, and in terms of revenue it is 24th in the ranking of world companies. The gas transmission system of the enterprise is 160 thousand kilometers and is the longest on our planet. 51 percent of the company's shares are state owned. Gazprom's market value exceeds 156 billion US dollars, its turnover is 150 billion dollars, and assets are estimated at more than 303 billion dollars. This company provides jobs for more than four hundred thousand people.
OAO Lukoil
Considering the large enterprises of Russia, it is impossible not to mention this company. She takes second place in our ranking. This company was established in 1991. The main activity of the company is the exploration, production, processing and sale of oil and natural gas. Until 2007, it was the largest black gold mining company; in terms of revenue, it ranks second after Gazprom. At the beginning of 2011, Lukoil was considered the third company in the world ranking of private enterprises in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, and the first in the world in terms of oil reserves. So, its market value is more than 55 billion dollars; assets - $ 90.6 billion; turnover - 105 billion dollars; annual revenue - 111.4 billion dollars; profit - 10.4 billion dollars. This company provides jobs for more than one hundred and fifty thousand people.
Rosneft OJSC
This company is also included in the list of Russian enterprises whose assets can compete with world giants. OJSC was established in 1993. Its main activity is intelligence operations, oil and gas production, as well as the production of petroleum products and petrochemicals. An interesting fact is that since 2007 the company has outperformed its competitor Lukoil in terms of oil production due to the purchase of Yukos assets. The cost of this enterprise is about $ 80 billion; turnover - 63 billion dollars; revenue - about $ 60 billion; assets - $ 106 billion; profit reaches 11.3 billion dollars. The Rosneft company provides jobs for about 170 thousand people.
OJSC "Sberbank of Russia"
This organization confirms that large state-owned enterprises in Russia work not only in the extractive industries, the fourth place in our rating is occupied by a financial company. OJSC is a universal banking structure because it provides a fairly wide range of services. So, according to 2009 data, its share in the Russian deposit market amounted to more than 50 percent, and the loan portfolio amounted to more than thirty percent of loans that were issued throughout the country. The market value of Sberbank is about $ 75 billion; share of assets - $ 282.4 billion; profit - 31.8 billion dollars. The company provides jobs for more than 240 thousand people.
OJSC TNK-BP Holding
This enterprise was organized relatively recently - in 2003. His specialization is oil production and its refining. The basis for its creation was the parity basis of TNCs and British BP. The holding's market value is $ 51.6 billion; revenue - $ 60.2 billion; profit reaches $ 9 billion. The company provides jobs for more than 50 thousand people.
OJSC “Surgutneftegas”
Large enterprises of Russia replenished with another "oil pump", it took sixth place in our rating. The company was founded in 1990 and is one of the largest oil and gas companies in the country. The company is registered in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in the city of Surgut, where its headquarters is located. Estimated value is about $ 40 billion; assets - $ 46.6 billion; revenue - $ 20.3 billion; profit - $ 4.3 billion. Surgutneftegas provides jobs for more than 110 thousand people.
OJSC VTB Bank
The next financial organization ends our list. The beginning of its activity is 1990, before that the enterprise was called Vneshtorgbank. This commercial organization was able to circumvent Sberbank of Russia in terms of authorized capital, and took a strong second place in terms of assets. The head office of the company is located in Moscow, but the place of registration is the cultural capital of Russia - St. Petersburg. The company's market value, according to preliminary estimates, is $ 26.4 billion; equity - $ 19.7 billion; assets - 139.3 billion dollars; revenue - $ 12.6 billion. The company provides jobs for almost 70 thousand people.
As you can see, only oil and gas producers and financial organizations were included in the rating. However, large Russian enterprises are not limited only to the mining sector, even though they do not have so many assets and such space profits, but they also have something to brag about. For example, some of them even got into the Guinness Book of Records. However, more on that later.
Production enterprises of Russia. "Izhora factory"
Although this company cannot be competed by the leaders of our rating, it is known and respected throughout the world. This plant is one of the largest on the planet, capable of producing almost any detail. And some of them are not released anywhere else. The company belongs to the sub-sector of heavy engineering. It is located in Kolpino (St. Petersburg). The nomenclature of this plant includes powerful excavators, rolling and power equipment, sheet and long products and much more. The Kolpino facility is the only manufacturer of nuclear reactor vessels in the Russian Federation.
Uralvagonzavod
Russian defense enterprises include more than 1200 factories of various profiles. Many of them are widely known, and their products often have no analogues in the world. However, in this article we consider enterprises from the perspective of their size; in this regard, attention should be paid to Uralvagonzavod. Due to its size, it fell into the Guinness Book of Records and is considered the largest enterprise on the planet, its area is 827 thousand square meters. Located in the Sverdlovsk region, in the city of Nizhny Tagil. In fact, it is a research and production corporation that is engaged in both the development and production of new models of military equipment, road-building machines, railway cars. The corporation includes manufacturing enterprises, a design bureau and research institutes. The state owns the entire stake in this enterprise.
Finally
Despite the almost unceasing global economic crises, Russia continues to be an industrial world power. More recently (on a historical scale), our country has sharply changed its course of development, and today no one will reproach the Russians for their lack of desire to work, to build their future in conditions of capitalist realities. Let skeptics say that the share of industrial production in Russia is inexorably declining and only extractive industries remain in demand, that almost all raw materials are exported. Of course, there is some truth in these words, but it should be understood that, as in the wild, the strongest survive here. Over the past few years, the construction complex and industrial enterprises of Russia have been rapidly developing towards major re-equipment and re-equipment of factories to work according to new standards and technologies. Now the stake is placed on economically sound production volumes with a minimum number of workers. This is achieved thanks to high-tech equipment and an increase in the share of automation of the production process.
This trend has led to the fact that over the past ten years the number of factories has grown significantly. As a result, for the convenience of orientation in this mass of companies, a directory was developed from which you can find out how many enterprises in Russia, their contact information, what they produce and a lot of other information that will be useful to both entrepreneurs and ordinary people. This idea was implemented in the framework of the project “The whole industry of Russia”.