Despite the fact that children begin to learn the concept of “related words” as early as in the first grade, high school students are not very confident in completing tasks related to the selection of related words.
Why?
I am sure that the difficulties are caused by inadequate knowledge of the composition of the word and the insufficient vocabulary of students.
I propose an algorithm, using which, students can quickly select related words to any part of speech.
First we define what are called related words. Related words are tokens (words) that are close in meaning with the same root, but with different prefixes and suffixes.
Example: gender - relative - geek - relatives - give birth - maternity - generic.
All words are close in meaning, have the same root - genus -.
Remember: words that differ only in endings are not related. This is a single word form. Example: table - table - table (ending indicates different cases of the same word).
It should be borne in mind that etymologically related words today can significantly differ in meaning. Examples: space - cosmetics, veteran and veterinarian, long and genuine. If the etymological meaning of words is difficult, you need to turn to the etymological dictionary.
And now we are learning to identify and select related words.
- We change the word to find its basis. Dining room: dining room, dining room, no dining rooms. The basis of the word will be tables-
- We determine what this basis is formed from. The word "dining room" is an adjective formed from a noun table.
- Adding suffixes and prefixes to the root, we form related words:
TABLE - TABLE - TABLE - TABLE - TABLE Top.
It is sometimes difficult to determine which root is common to related words. To determine it, we do so.
- We change the word to determine its basis: gathering: there is no gathering, I will talk about the gathering. The basis of the gathering.
- We are trying to change the beginning and end of the word: descent - to descend, gangway, walker, come, departure, coming. The root is walk.
Now a little theory: in Russian, related words can be formed in such ways:
- Prefix (prefix): the world - re + peace, the move - in + move.
- Suffixing: world - world + ok, world + yane, world + new.
- Suffixingly prefixal: peace - with + peace + eny, move - in + move + box.
- Postfixal: some - any, some, some. In this case, a related word forms a postfix that joins the whole word.
- Fusion: highly paid - highly paid, quickly soluble - instant.
- Truncation: specialist - special, computer - comp.
- Abbreviation: Russian Federation - RF, automatic teller machine - ATM.
- Addition. Here are a few options. Whole words (sofa bed, chair-bed), their parts (steamboat, airplane), or part of the word with the whole (milk tanker, cement truck) can be added up.
Forming related words, homonymy should not be overlooked: a phenomenon when the roots of words, having completely different meanings, sound and spell the same way. So a series of words: vodka-water-water - is not related to another series: driver - wiring - wires.