The interaction with the air masses, with the help of which the aircraft is maintained in the atmosphere, has significant differences from the interaction with air reflected from the Earth’s surface. The term "aircraft" is defined by the current legislation of the country, as well as by the Chicago Convention. In Russia, all ships intended for flights are registered in a certain order. This is a prerequisite in accordance with established laws.
Aircraft definition
Not all aircraft are classified as aircraft. Devices that rise and move in the air only due to jet propulsion or inertia do not apply to them. These are vessels with a certain maintenance principle, rocket and space technology, uncontrolled balloons.
Flight devices are divided into classes. Below are the main ones:
- A - free balloons;
- B - controlled balloons (airships);
- C - aircraft and others;
- S - spacecraft.
Civil ships (types)
Civil aviation aircraft are divided into 2 types: general and commercial purposes, depending on the purpose of their use.
If a vessel is involved in the field of activity of airlines that transport people and various cargoes on a commercial basis, then it is classified as a commercial vessel. If the aircraft is used for personal or business flights, then it belongs to general aviation.
Currently, the demand for the second type of aviation is growing . It is her nature to perform tasks that aviation, operating on a commercial basis, is not able to solve. A general aviation civil aircraft is able to transport small loads. It is used in aviation sports, for the transport of tourists, as well as other purposes. This aircraft has the potential to significantly save passengers time.
The ships of this aircraft do not fly according to the schedule; they do not need a large airfield to take off and land. People who resort to the services of civil aviation of this type can choose the route to their appointed place, while they do not need to issue and register air tickets.
Aircraft are unofficially classified by their specific gravity. They may be lighter or heavier than airspace. Light ships (aerostat, airship) can rise into the atmosphere without resorting to the help of a special power plant, and heavy ones (aircraft, glider) can not do it. Heavy aircraft have differences in the design by which they are maintained in the atmosphere.
Aircraft Flight (Classification)
Flights of these vessels are classified depending on their purpose, piloting and navigation features (instrument and visual), flight area, altitude, terrain and time of day.
By destination, flights are classified into:
- transport, carrying people and various cargoes;
- performing aviation work related to agriculture, construction, nature conservation and other areas of activity;
- training intended for training flight personnel;
- training, used to consolidate the knowledge of pilots;
- research necessary for carrying out various works, and others.
In the area of execution, they are: airfield, areal, route and off-highway.
By height, flights are divided into passing at very small, small, medium, large, stratospheric heights.
Depending on the factor over which terrain they are produced (over the plain, mountains, desert, water surface, polar territories), flights also have their own specific qualifications.
Crew requirements
The crew of the aircraft is responsible for its operation. It may include persons with a full baggage of special knowledge and having documents on qualifications confirming this fact. The flight crew may be allowed to conduct flights only by decision of the medical commission, must have the flight hours necessary for work.
Certain standards that crew members must comply with are specified in the Air Code of our country.
Flight crew
The commander, co-pilot, flight engineer are usually members of the flight crew. The commander is responsible for the safety of the aircraft and the people on board. He keeps under control all the work carried out on board the vessel, having all the necessary powers for this.
The co-pilot is an assistant commander, he is entitled to fulfill his duties.
The flight engineer directly monitors the state of the mechanisms and equipment, without coordinated operation of which the aircraft will not be able to function properly.
Technical staff
The main duty of cabin crew is considered to be control of passenger safety, the implementation of actions established by special regulations. In the event of an unusual situation, these people are responsible for carrying out the evacuation of passengers. Flight attendants are also required to create comfortable conditions for persons on board the vessel.
The attendants are subordinate to the senior flight attendant, who coordinates their actions with the commander.
The aircraft is always controlled by people - flight personnel or remotely. At any moment of the flight, a person can control the process of his work.