Since 2000, advanced Russian gardeners have known the Baikal EM-1 preparation. The use of complex fertilizer allows you to harvest up to four times more than with a simple application of organics. Unfortunately, not everyone has the patience to carefully read the instructions and act according to simple rules.
Creation of EM technologies
Organic farming has existed since the start of cultivation. But a real breakthrough in the development of unique organic (EM) technologies that increase soil productivity and fertility was the creation and widespread use of Baikal EM-1. Why for so long have scientists been unable to produce fertilizer Baikal EM-1?
The use of organics to increase soil fertility is a time-tested technique. Although it turns out that if only such fertilizers are introduced into the earth, an increase in yield can be expected only within the first two years, then everything returns: diseases, pests, and plant oppression. Why?
Studies of chernozems have shown that a huge amount of bacteria lives in one gram of soil - almost 2.5 billion. These tiny microorganisms are engaged in the processing of organic residues in both mineral and complex organic compounds, synthesizing simultaneously high molecular weight compounds - humus acids. It is these acids that create a reserve in the soil of plant nutrients. That is, to improve soil fertility, it is necessary to create acceptable conditions for ensuring the vital activity of soil microorganisms so that they multiply and do not die, only then a normal layer of cultivated soil is formed. And it is in it that the representatives of the fauna begin an active life: earthworms, insect larvae, etc. From the point of view of soil formation, earthworms that pass through the remnants of organic matter and mineral components of the soil are most useful.
From the foregoing, we can conclude: introduce microorganisms, cultivate the soil, grow earthworms - and huge crops will not keep you waiting. But it turned out that everything is much more complicated: among the microorganisms there are both beneficial (regenerative) and pathogenic (degenerative) ones. The former contribute to the growth of plants, the latter inhibit them. And pests primarily affect the weakest (diseased) plants. That is, both useful and pathogenic microorganisms are needed . It is all about ensuring their balance: 2/3 regenerative and 1/3 degenerative.
The creation of such a stable symbiosis of microorganisms was received in 1988 by the Japanese microbiologist Teruo Higa. (In fairness, it should be noted that back in the 30s of the twentieth century, Soviet scientists first dealt with this problem.) The result of his work was the receipt of 86 regenerative strains, which were called EM (effective microorganisms). It was with their appearance that EM technology of agriculture began to develop in many countries. In many countries of the world, it has become state policy. The greatest interest was shown to her by countries such as Japan and England. Japan went the way of working with the population, instilling in him the skills of EM technology. In England, the state pays farmers for agricultural processes using only EM drugs.
Ten years later, the Russian scientist P.A. Shablin managed to create his unique drug, Baikal EM-1. Its use immediately showed equivalence, and in some areas, greater efficiency compared to Japanese. The price of Russian fertilizer is much lower.
State Registration and Efficiency
The developers of the drug made a lot of efforts, proving the effectiveness of Baikal EM-1. The use of the drug to date is authorized by state authorities.
Any living environment (plant surface, soil, biological waste) in contact with Baikal EM-1 experiences a life-giving effect: its development becomes more fruitful, and pathogenic microbes and harmful chemicals are purified.
The drug was tested for four years in the CIS countries and Russian regions. Leading agricultural scientific institutions (KA Timiryazev State Agricultural Academy (Moscow), NI Vavilov State Agrarian University (Saratov), All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (St. Petersburg)) conducted basic research. An unconditional revitalization of the soil and an increase in productivity were noted. Although it is practically impossible to issue digital promises (as with the instant use of mineral fertilizers), a huge number of factors influence the result: the state and nature of soil contamination, the correctness and intensity of application.
Probability of results
Trends in the use of organic fertilizers based on Baikal EM-1 are as follows:
- The use of the drug in pre-planting soaking gives an increase in yield by an average of 10%, sometimes even by 60%.
- Spraying seedlings with Baikal EM-1 concentration of 1: 1000 increases the yield up to 30%.
- With weekly spraying, different crops give an increase in yield from 50 to 150%.
- The use of properly prepared EM compost can increase yield by 200-600%.
Quality Issues
Quantitative results, depending on the previous state of the soil, are not always stable. Quality indicators are much more stable when using Baikal EM-1 fertilizer:
- The use of the drug increases the shelf life of winter varieties.
- In all control plots, the palatability of fruits was improved.
- In tomatoes, the number of fruits collected doubles, in cucumbers - three when bundled up to five pieces.
When assessing the use in control plots according to the instructions of the Baikal EM-1 preparation, the reviews also concern the increase in the size of the fruit. This is due to the realization by plants of their genetic potential in a favorable environment.
Immunity increase
Increasing plant resistance to viral and fungal diseases is one of the functions of Baikal EM-1 liquid fertilizer . Reviews of gardeners after the first year of use are as follows:
- Complete disposal of late blight.
- Reducing the amount (sometimes even their extinction) of the main dangerous pests.
- Increased resistance to droughts and early frosts.
- EM compost based on manure requires ten less than manure itself, the effect is much stronger when applied.
Functional range of drugs from the Baikal EM-1 series: application, reviews
- The ready-to-use Baikal EM-1 aqueous solution is represented by PET containers with a capacity of 1 liter, 0.5 liter, 250 ml and 100 ml. According to reviews, it is suitable for quick breeding in limited time conditions.
- Concentrated Baikal EM-1 is available in 30 and 40 ml bottles (depending on the manufacturer). As gardeners note, from the point of view of cost savings, this is the most successful option.
- Tamir is a special tool for composting and cleaning toilets. It is bottled in PET bottles with a capacity of 1 and 0.35 liters.
- EM-molasses, 0.1 L bottle. Used for the preparation of EM-solution together with the concentrate.
EM preparation
EM-preparation is the first product that must be made independently from Baikal EM-1 concentrate. The use of this product is due to the convenience of transportation (only 30 ml) and a long shelf life (1 year). Microorganisms in the concentrate are inactive, sleepy state. Their awakening occurs in the presence of a nutrient medium and the desired temperature.
- Pour boiled water with a temperature of 20-30 degrees into a three-liter jar.
- Add honey (3 tbsp. Tablespoons), you can molasses. In the absence of honey, you need to add jam without berries in the amount of up to six spoons (if the jam is thick and there are a lot of berries in it, you need to dilute it with a small amount of water, strain and pour into a jar).
- When using honey, it is advisable to put it in a jar in parts - one spoon each day.
- Pour the entire concentrate solution into a jar.
- Mix thoroughly, add water under the lid if necessary.
- Put in a warm (20-30 degrees) dark place for fermentation.
- Starting from the third day, you need to open the bank for the release of gases.
- The readiness of the EM preparation is determined by the characteristic pleasantly sour smell.
The purpose of the preparation made from Baikal EM-1 concentrate depends on the fermentation temperature. The reviews are as follows:
- At a fermentation temperature of up to 25 degrees, an EM preparation is obtained that increases the yield.
- At a fermentation temperature of 30-35 degrees, the EM preparation intensely protects plants, fights weeds and is great for making compost.
- Despite the strengthening of a particular function, the rest are performed in full.
The prepared EM preparation must be poured into dark bottles, stored at low temperature (5-15 degrees) in the dark. The shelf life of the prepared drug is only six months.
Instructions for use "Baikal EM-1"
For use for various purposes, an EM solution is prepared on the basis of ordinary (non-chlorinated) water:
- The usual watering of plants is 1: 1000 (for a ten-liter bucket of water - a tablespoon of EM-preparation and sugar (honey)), sometimes 1: 500 (for a bucket of water - 2 tablespoons).
- Work with seedlings - 1: 2000 (half a tablespoon per bucket of water).
- For spring (early) and autumn tillage, for compost preparation - 1: 100 (per bucket of water - 10 tablespoons of EM-preparation).
To create the correct aqueous EM-solution during the introduction of the EM-preparation, it is necessary to add a nutritious (sweet) medium in the same volume (a spoon of jam, molasses or honey on a spoon of the drug). You can fill in granulated sugar in the same volumes. The EM solution must be mixed and left for a day. Use an EM solution for three days.
Basic techniques of EM-agricultural technology
The maximum goal is to create a fertile layer of land in one year on the plot, which will make it possible to obtain a large crop in the first year, and return the soil to its natural fertility within the next two years.
For the work, it will be necessary to prepare compost using the technology described above using Baikal EM-1. The use of compost prepared in the summer in autumn will greatly facilitate the task. If this could not be done, then you need to use all the organic residues (brilliant green) that are present by this time (chopped green mass, plant remains, mowed grass, peat, manure). It is necessary to dig a trench up to twenty-five centimeters deep (bayonet shovel), lay the green there, cover it with a small amount of excavated earth, ash, dolomite flour, mix everything and pour it with EM solution in the usual concentration (one tablespoon per bucket). The mixture in the trench should be up to 6 cm high. Next you need to dig the next trench. The upper layer of soil without a coup is laid out in the previous trench, closing it.
After going through the whole plot in this way, you need to check its closure, top with EM-compost (you can peat) at the rate of 1 kg per square meter, lightly dig in the ground and pour the EM-solution at the rate of 5 buckets per hundred. Since autumn, such a site begins to work on the creation of humus. Moreover, the earlier compost was laid, the better microorganisms multiply before the onset of cold weather. Their work will continue under the snow until severe frosts, when the soil freezes. In the spring such land wakes up much earlier. Soil microfauna will be restored completely only by June. (The use of Baikal EM-1 in the spring with the same purpose will remove part of the land from circulation.)
By setting the maximum task, you can divide its implementation into several years. Take for example berry berries. It is very convenient to take a mustache from them in the spring, after watering with Baikal EM-1 fertilizer. Application on strawberries will make it possible in the first year to get a significant crop from the first year and a large crop from the main bushes. Plants can be planted on untreated areas and watered at least four times a month with a prepared EM solution.
EM compost
For cooking, all organic matter that is on the site is used: the remains of grass, straw, weeds, small branches, sawdust, peat, etc. A layer of organic matter is applied, then a small layer of fertile soil (10% of organic matter), again organic and soil. If there is manure, then it can also be laid out in a layer of organic matter, but in small quantities and in small foci. A compost heap should be evenly spilled with an EM solution with a sufficient concentration (1: 100 - ten tablespoons per bucket of water plus ten tablespoons of sugar).
The quality and timing of compost preparation depends on the humidity of the mixture and its temperature. The optimum humidity is about 60%: then, when squeezed in the hand, liquid flows out of the mixture. The optimum temperature is from 28 degrees to 35.
You can start using compost in almost a month, but there are certain limitations to making such a fresh product. It can not be placed next to the root system of plants. For the first year of working with EM technologies, it is better to populate a compost pile of earthworms, and by the end of the season it will be a real “worm”. Matured compost in autumn can be applied to the soil.
Seedlings
Small plants need a special solution based on a preparation prepared from Baikal EM-1 concentrate. Application for seedlings consists in daily watering before emergence of shoots and once a week during house keeping. Growing seedlings using this technology accelerates its growth by almost two weeks.
The solution is needed with a concentration of 1: 2000. On a bucket of water with a temperature of about 20 degrees (preferably pre-boiled) is added half a tablespoon of EM-drug and half a spoon of honey (molasses, jam without berries). Everything is mixed, stands for at least 12 hours. The grown seedlings can be watered through a straw.
After planting the seedlings in open ground, you need to wait for its rooting (this is usually no more than four days), after which you can spill EM-solution for seedlings. Before engraftment, every day you need to water the seedlings with an EM solution in the usual concentration (1: 1000) until complete engraftment.
Seedling soil
Preparation is held in August. You need to take a ready-made EM compost (see above), mix it with the soil in a proportion of 1:10, spill it with an aqueous EM solution with a higher concentration - 1: 500 (five tablespoons per bucket of water), mix everything. Watering is necessary until the moment the mixture begins to disintegrate when touched. Cover with a film, preventing drying.
The soil will be souring for almost two months. After every 3 weeks, the fermentation process (watering and mixing) must be repeated. Three weeks before planting, the prepared soil must be brought into heat and shed with a solution (1: 500). For seedlings, you can take unprepared soil, put it in boxes three weeks before planting and, spilling it with a more concentrated aqueous solution (1: 300), leave it under the film.
Flowers with EM technology
To get consistently good results, gardeners just need to follow the recommendations for using Baikal EM-1. Application for seedlings of flowers is as follows:
- An EM preparation is being prepared (see section "Preparation of an EM preparation").
- An EM solution is needed with a concentration of 1: 2000 (for an ordinary bucket of water - half a spoonful of the drug plus half a spoonful of honey, or jam, or sugar).
- Seeds need to be soaked for 12 hours in an EM solution (if seed size allows).
- Shed the prepared soil before laying the seeds with an EM solution.
- Lay out the seeds (sprinkle large ones with a thin layer of soil, gently spread small ones on the surface).
- Sprinkle with EM-solution, cover with glass or a bag.
- Shoots appear friendly, they need to be sprayed regularly: once a week.
- After landing in the ground, water daily every three days (after scarring of the wounds on the roots) until completely rooting.
Home Floriculture
Growing and preserving your favorite plants is a task that Baikal EM-1 easily copes with. The use of an aqueous EM solution for indoor plants makes it possible to grow them very easily, flowering is long, and development according to genetic potential.
If home plants are in good condition, then caring for them is simple: you need regular watering (once a week - once or more often: according to the condition of the soil and leaf elasticity). Large leaves of plants should be wiped with a solution or sprayed from a spray bottle.
In the case of a plant disease (stunted growth, natural color change, leaf dryness, dropping leaves, dropping buds) and if it is not possible to determine the cause of the disease, you need to correct the situation with a change in soil condition.
Plant transplantation is a troublesome business; large flowers are difficult to get out of the bowl. In this situation, you can try to cure the soil by populating the symbiosis of effective microorganisms there. Simply put, start watering the plants with the prepared EM solution (half a tablespoon of honey (sugar) and the same amount of EM solution in a bucket of water). After two or three waterings, the plant itself can begin to respond to an improvement in the situation, but if you stop watering with Baikal, all the painful conditions will return.
Treatment of a plant with an EM solution can be carried out by replacing the old soil with parts of a new one. To do this, take universal soil and shed it with a solution. Replace gradually, taking care not to damage the roots.
For indoor plants, you do not need to buy a whole bottle of concentrate (30 ml), it is easier to buy a ready-made Baikal EM-1 in a 0.5-liter PET bottle or even less - 0.1 liters.
Household chores with microorganisms from a bottle
The inventors of EM technologies did not set themselves the goal of using Baikal EM-1 in the household. The use of effective microorganisms in everyday life is a completely new and unknown thing for housewives. Although in Japan, where the EM drug was first invented, it is even added to tea. They wash floors, dishes, wipe furniture, walls, chandeliers. Fill the drain tanks, wash the streets. 40% of the country's fertile land has already been restored using EM technology. The Japanese poured into their Inland Sea of Japan every day tons of cooked effective microorganisms to clean it. This is a government program.
Since 2000, many housewives (who are engaged in gardening), having noticed obvious results in the garden, began to use them in the Baikal EM-1 household. Responses of households to such an innovation did not take long: it smells good, it is not stuffy, clean, I do not want to go anywhere.
An aqueous EM solution must be prepared in the usual concentration of 1: 1000 (spoon on a bucket of water) for wet cleaning.
- Spray the chandelier (off) - the smell of nicotine and dust disappears.
- Moisten carpets and upholstered furniture - ticks will disappear, the carpets themselves will become easier.
- Spray curtains - odors disappear.
- Wash the rugs in the hallway - odors will disappear, the rugs will become easier.
- Spray the bed and linen (sheets, duvet covers, pillows) - odors disappear, the appearance of the bed linen changes, it becomes more pleasant to the touch and cleaner.
- At night, pour a glass of EM solution into the sink; by morning the pipes will be cleaned. For greater effect, leave the drug for a day.
- Scrub the bath. If it has a yellow indelible coating on it, you can use this method: fill it with water, add a glass of sugar, a glass of flour and a glass of solution. Leave on for three days.
Livestock Application
Working with EM-solution prepared from concentrate, livestock farmers achieve excellent results. Ways of application:
- Adding Baikal EM-1 solution to drinking water.
- Litter application (wetting treatment).
- Adding to feed.
- Disposal in sedimentation tanks with waste.
- Wastewater treatment.
EM technologies have long been used for cattle, in pig farming, in poultry farming and in the processing of poultry waste.