The expressive means of the language include synonyms. They allow you to avoid monotony and stereotype, make speech brighter, clearer, more beautiful. Synonyms are general language and contextual, copyright, refer to different stylistic layers and areas of use. Their lexical closeness can be either complete or partial. Consider this with the example of the word "small."
Grammar categories
It is the name of the adjective and in the initial form appears in the singular, masculine, is qualitative, forms the
degree of comparison. The endings in the accusative and nominative cases coincide: a little boy - a small table; a little boy - a little table. In the sentence, the syntactic function of the definition or predicate, as well as the subject and complement, is usually performed. Synonyms for the word “small” most often preserve the grammatical properties of the “fundamental principle”.
The lexical meaning
Decide on the lexical meaning of this unit of language. According to the Explanatory Dictionary, it denotes someone or something small and corresponds to the words “small”, “short”, “cramped”, “undergrown”, etc. For example: small children, small stature, small sweater .
Therefore, one can call everything that is small in size, length, height, size and so on. Synonyms for the word “small” in the phrase a small step: short, small, quiet. But for the same definition in relation to the lexeme “house” they will be different: miniature, tiny, toy, small, inconspicuous. When constructing a proposal, it is necessary to comply with the laws of lexical compatibility. So, synonyms for the word “small” in the meaning of “stunted” can be: low, low, short, miniature, small:
- A completely miniature girl was walking along the street.
- Mitrash was short, but stocky and strong, a real mushroom-boletus.
- The boy turned out to be small for his seventeen with a ponytail of years, thin to the point of futility.
However, the “low” lexeme also has other semantic connotations, meaning either moral qualities or social origin. But in these cases, they cannot act as synonyms for the word "small." We say “low deeds, thoughts, deeds”, meaning that they are vile, nasty, vile. Or “low origin” —that is, not small in terms of growth or age, but membership in the common people, the person’s lack of noble , noble roots. Although in the language there is the expression "shallow." So in antiquity and up to the first quarter of the 20th century they called impoverished or not too noble noblemen who had a very small village, estate, estate. The synonyms for the word “small” in combination with the word “homestead” will be as follows: not rich, small, impoverished, ruined, poor, miserable, meager, insignificant, unpretentious.
Antonymic couples
In the same way, the laws of compatibility work with the antonyms. Some of them are general linguistic, suitable in any contextual environment. Others have a strictly limited scope. Let's say a small (synonyms: tiny, small) house is the traditional antonyms for it: large, huge, majestic, tall. Contextual are: luxurious, chic, rich. And to the phrase "little people" come either great, significant, famous, or high, giants.
This is such an interesting word - "small".