The development of new, highly efficient and more progressive products, competitiveness in the world market - all this is directly related to organizational issues, among which the technical preparation of production occupies a special place. Why does she have such a role?
general information
It covers a wide range of works: scientific, technological, design, production and business activities, which allow you to create, develop and implement new developments. This entire area is regulated by a number of standards. Technical training consists of design and technological components. It is carried out according to the plan available at the enterprise.
What does the technical preparation of production include?
It affects several areas. In this case, attention should be paid to the organizational and technical preparation of production, the material base, the approach to labor performance of duties and management processes. For simplicity, it is better to portray this as a list:
- Applied research is being carried out.
- New products are being designed and previously created ones being modernized.
- The technological process of creating products is being developed.
- Special equipment, tools and accessories are purchased.
- The material and technical requirements of production are provided.
- Personnel are being trained and qualifications of existing ones are being improved.
- Technical standards are being developed.
- Organized information support.
All this is being carried out in order to effectively master the production of a new product, the introduction of new equipment and machines, and technological methods of conducting production. The tasks to be performed include the creation of necessary conditions. In this case, it is necessary to solve issues of a technical, organizational and economic orientation. All this allows us to transfer the production process to a higher level, using the achievements of science.
Planning
Organization of technical preparation of production includes design and technological work. Which stages will be highlighted depends on the type of enterprise, its profile and scale. Technical preparation of production always acts as an object of internal plant planning. This provides details of a certain level and active specification of the situation.
Planning is an integral part of long- and medium-term planning. In the first case, it is necessary to determine the main areas, as well as the stages of technical preparation, when it begins and ends, a breakdown is carried out by type of work, objects and sources of financing, specific performers.
In the medium term, one of the above is considered that should be implemented during the current / future planned year. As the initial data, a plan assignment, standards for a certain volume and scope of work, as well as their duration, are used.
Standards Used
When it is only planned to organize the technical preparation of production, a large role is given to standards. Among them, it is necessary to distinguish between voluminous, labor-intensive, in kind.
Standards are local in nature. This is due to the fact that their development requires analysis and synthesis of reporting data. Moreover, it must be understood that for a particular enterprise it is necessary to take into account the specifics of its functioning, as well as the economic situation. For example, volume standards allow you to focus on the number of technological operations, the number of technical and drawing documentation, original parts, to evaluate the complexity of their manufacture. This approach allows us to reflect the design experience as a whole throughout the industry, allied enterprises and competitors. But in practice, there are often questions of reducing the deadlines.
About methodology
How is the need to accelerate the processes envisaged? To achieve this goal, the method of parallel-sequential work is used. What does this approach imply? For example, it may be envisaged that the work of the second stage begins even before the first is completed. As a result of the decision, when the stages of technical preparation of production are reduced, the duration of the entire cycle is also reduced.
The use of visual network diagrams also plays a large role. For their formation, two types of elements are used: events and work. Moreover, they are closely interconnected. So events indicate the beginning / end of a certain type of work. They can be clearly fixed in the first and last stages.
To indicate the moment of the beginning of the first work, the concept of initial events is used. The duration of the action is indicated by the number of units of time. Usually indicated in days or months. It is also necessary to identify the costs of the work. This is usually done in monetary units and man-days.
The network diagram is used in order to have an idea of the fulfillment of certain events with sufficient accuracy. In addition, they allow you to optimize the timing, identify and determine the influence of various factors, organize monitoring, management and control over the actions of individual performers.
About standardization
The process of technical preparation of production very much depends on the use of standards, compliance with rules and requirements. Standardization creates favorable conditions for activities. This is especially true if we are talking about the scientific and technical preparation of production at the highest level, which will allow us to produce products that can compete in a qualitative aspect.
Example
In order to better understand the information presented above, let's look at what technical and technological preparation of production is from beginning to end. Let's go through the entire set of interconnected works that determine the sequence of the production process in the most rational ways. The main task pursued is to achieve high quality of the created products, create conditions for the rational organization of production processes, and improve the equipment used.
Beginning of work
The prepared documentation must comply with a unified system of technological documentation. So, you must ensure that:
- An analysis of the working documentation was carried out, as well as control of the design of components and parts was observed.
- Corrected the information received regarding the specific conditions for the manufacture of products within a particular enterprise.
- Progressive technological processes were developed for the production of parts, their assembly, adjustment and subsequent testing - of individual units and the entire product.
- The necessary equipment and non-standard equipment were designed.
- Rational methods of technical control were developed and implemented.
- Adequate technological routes were created and, in accordance with them, the layout of workshops and production sites.
- Processes at workplaces were introduced and adjusted.
- The production capacities of the enterprise, the standards for the consumption of tools, materials, energy resources and so on were calculated.
What kind of work is being done?
When the design process is underway, care must be taken to ensure that numerous conditions are aimed at achieving a high level of manufacturability in the early stages of product development. So, when a prototype is being created, it already makes sense to think about preparing for production. But the main work still needs to be carried out after all the design documentation has been received.
Typing and standardization should be based on the classification of objects, the selection of a sample and the creation of a unified process. It should be remembered that the service life of the resulting product largely depends on the quality. For this, electronic computers are widely used. And both at the design stage, and creation. And all this should be documented. After all, paper is used not only for the manufacture of products and operational management, but also for establishing time standards, standards for the consumption of materials and energy resources.
Process refinement
When the technical preparation of construction production or any other creative activity is carried out, technologists must identify weaknesses. It is necessary to make sure that the following functional components work without problems:
- Interaction is set up with the department of logistics for readiness for the supply of materials.
- A schedule is established for the technological preparation of production for the shops of the enterprise (construction site).
- Economic assessment and selection of processes is ongoing.
- It is planned to manufacture and create backlogs.
- A schedule for commissioning the necessary equipment is drawn up.
- Form cutting cards are used to calculate material standards.
- They record, store, reproduce and issue the necessary technical documentation.
Comparing the obtained technological costs and the realized capital costs using different technologies, they select the best option for implementing the process and determine the critical level of the company's production program (break-even point).
About management issues
A complex process always requires leadership. Management of the technical preparation of production should be at any stage, starting from the design and development stage and ending with the industrial basis of the manufacturing process for new products. That is, leadership means a set of measures that should provide the production with everything necessary.
In addition, it is necessary to solve issues of planning, as well as organization. The tasks of managers include determining the need for additional workforce, equipment, fuel, energy and material resources. It is also necessary to ensure the availability of the necessary equipment, tools, devices.
On the manual there is also the solution of issues with specialization and cooperation of workshops, job support, organization of instrumental, repair, storage and transport facilities. It also approves the necessary labor, material, calendar, planning and financial standards. It is necessary to solve the issues of managing the production itself, to form a motivating system of remuneration.
Conclusion
Let's briefly go over the foregoing. Technical preparation of production consists of the following stages:
- Design and development.
- Technological.
- Organizational and economic.
- Industrial development of new products.
All of them are closely interconnected. It is necessary to ensure that, after their implementation, a rational process of creating certain material values that have a competitive quality in relation to the samples on the market is obtained.