How to determine the case of pronouns. Change of personal pronouns for cases

The pronoun is one of the most important parts of speech in the Russian language. In its properties, it is very close to a noun, for the replacement of which it is mainly used, but at the same time, limiting the pronoun problem only with this function is really stupid. The pronoun refers to a person, without naming it specifically, it serves to connect sentences in the text, and in some cases even to strengthen certain statements. Multifaceted, right? That is why the case of pronouns in sentences is so important - you cannot be careless about such a multifunctional element.

Theoretical introduction

Of course, the case of pronouns, or rather, their declension, obeys practically the same rules as nouns (it was mentioned above that these two parts of speech have a lot in common). The pronouns are characterized by the presence of the same six cases (nominative, genitive, accusative, dative, instrumental and prepositional) as for the noun.

By the way, when pronouns are in all cases, except the nominative, we can say that pronouns are in indirect cases. Of course, the characteristics of declension also depend on the rank of the pronoun. Some of them, in principle, do not change; in certain categories, the changes concern only certain individual pronouns. That's exactly what we will deal with. “Cases of pronouns” - a table with which we begin.

Personal pronouns

We start with the basics: changing personal pronouns in cases. Personal pronouns include everyone known to me, you, he / she / it, we, you, they . All of them are inclined according to cases - we simply substitute the necessary question and get the form that we need.

“Cases of pronouns” - a table relating only to the category of personal pronouns.

As can be seen from the table, in the indirect cases mentioned earlier, third person pronouns, regardless of the number, receive an additional consonant "n". Fortunately, there are no more features: the cases of personal pronouns are nothing complicated, right?

Reflexive pronoun

Move on. This category includes a single pronoun of itself , which has neither a number nor a gender, but also retains the same form in all cases. So try to decline it - and you will see it.

Possessive pronouns

The next category is associated with pronouns that express the belonging of an object to someone. This includes mine, yours, his / her, ours, yours, theirs . The forms of pronouns of this category are presented in the following table:

The table shows that in the third person possessive pronouns do not change at all, while in the first and second it is just necessary to replace a couple of letters at the beginning - the endings coincide.

Incidentally, it is with this category that one of the most common mistakes in modern Russian is associated. Some invent such a pronoun as "theirs", and then also try to persuade it. So, be sure to remember that in the third person in the plural such a pronoun never existed! Theirs, theirs and only them!

Interrogative and relative pronouns

This category serves to ask some kind of question. And here the first difficulties begin. Which pronouns ?, whose ?, which? have both gender, and number, and case. For pronouns, who ?, what ?, how much? only the case is characteristic, the remaining categories are alien to him. And the only pronoun that completely breaks the system is what ?: it has no case, but it varies by gender and number.

All the same can be said of relative pronouns. By and large, relative pronouns are the same interrogative ones, only without a question mark at the end of the sentence.

It should also be noted that in the pronoun how much when declension, the stress remains on the first, and not on the last syllable, as most people think.

Negative and indefinite pronouns

We continue to study the change of pronouns for cases with a new rank, which also has certain nuances. Gender, number and case have only none, nothing , while no one, nothing, nobody, nothing, does not change at all by the last sign, without possessing the rest.

The forms of negative pronouns completely and completely coincide with interrogative-negative ones, with the only clarification - the addition of the prefix N / A.

The same can be said of indefinite pronouns. We take a relative pronoun, add postfixes to it - that, or, ever, and get a new kind of pronouns: some, something . The forms in declension remain the same, which, undoubtedly, greatly simplifies the work with this type of pronouns. In certain cases, you can add prefixes and / or: some, something .

Definitive pronouns

We are getting closer to the end. Next in turn is a new rank, all pronouns of which are of gender, number and case. These include himself, the most, all, everyone, everyone, any, other, different, whole, all . Volumetric, of course, but not at all complicated. We bow further!

As you can see from the table, the conjugation of the pronouns themselves, the most and every, every possible, almost coincide, but you should not rely heavily on memorizing the forms of pronouns in different cases, it is much easier just to understand the rule, and then not to experience any difficulties.

Demonstrative Pronouns

The last of the categories again pleases us with nuances. This pronouns , that- (that), such- (that) have a number and a case, so- (that) - only a case, but such , by analogy with what , absolutely does not want to change in cases, remaining in one single form .

And again, the semblance of the forms of pronouns is this, this . The case of demonstrative pronouns, as you can see, is a completely elementary topic, where there’s nothing to remember really.

Nuances, where without them

Of course, there are some features of the declension of pronouns. For example, attentive people have long noticed that the case of pronouns is a very, very close case to adjectives: the endings are exactly the same. The only exceptions to this rule are all, myself: in this situation, you still have to think a little.

Continuing the theme of the whole pronoun , it should be noted that it is the only one where there is a fluent vowel: all-all-all and so on - the root "e" just drops out without appearing later in any of the cases.

Moreover, some of the pronouns have the so-called archaic forms: any -all-all. They are considered concise. And the feminine pronoun itself in the accusative case ( itself ) is actually considered a colloquial form, while the literary language would like to use the variant itself (by analogy, they also speak of tu-tuyu - from the pronoun Ta ). Researchers also determine the form itself, with emphasis on the penultimate letter, but it is considered to be underused and almost forgotten.