The cultivator for a tractor is an agricultural implement designed for surface cultivation of soil by loosening, as well as getting rid of weeds. In addition, the tool is used for the introduction of fertilizers and cutting irrigation grooves. By designation, these elements are divided into continuous steam units, row-crop versions and special modifications. Consider the features of these devices.
Description
The cultivator for the tractor allows you to cultivate the land without disturbing the fertile layer, while removing weeds. A hitch for equipment makes it possible to prevent soil erosion. Simple models include mechanical control of soil-handling elements. Operation of such an aggregate is possible with standard tractors or their compact counterparts. The dimensions of the treated area depend on the width of the grip, range from 300 to 800 millimeters.
The classic varieties of the trailed type are capable of serving stripes of land up to three meters wide in one grip, equipped with special operating devices. They are driven by hydraulics, equipped with additional torches with a drive. They are connected to the working machine by an elementary trailed mechanism.
Rowing and special modifications
Row cultivators for a tractor are used in row-spacing processing, elimination of weeds, loosening of the earth between rows to preserve the natural moisture supply. Also, these operations provide an opportunity to improve the air and food supply of crops. Processing certain crops involves hilling (tuber plants). Special units have some structural differences, they are used for the treatment of gourds, beets, cotton, tea plantations, as well as gardens.
Steam cultivators for the MTZ tractor
These modifications are used for steaming the land, including pre-sowing preparation of the soil. In spring, this type of work is carried out a few days after the harrowing. The depth of processing corresponds to a similar seed placement parameter. The difference between the indicators should not exceed 10 millimeters.
The cultivated topsoil should be with small clumps, while ideally the weeds are completely cut to the root. The bottom part of the furrow and the field area after processing are made even with the height of the ridges not more than 40 millimeters. As a result of cultivation, parts of the soil from below are not allowed to be brought to the surface. In order to improve soil leveling and moisture retention, continuous cultivation is accompanied in parallel by harrowing.
Work items
Cultivators for tractors are equipped with a set of interchangeable devices: paws of a cultivator, flat-cutting and universal type. They are divided into several categories.
Razors or single-sided flat-cutting models are used to kill weeds. The lancet analogs do a good job not only with weed removal, but also loosen the soil up to 60 millimeters in depth, while the lower wet layer does not reach the surface.
The unified paws of the lancet configuration are used for continuous and inter-row tillage to a depth of 140 mm. The mechanism perfectly cuts the weeds, crushes the soil layers, taking out the wet pieces partially up. These modifications differ from flat analogues in the angle of crumbling (26-30 and 12-17 degrees, respectively). Chisel-like mechanisms loosen the soil up to 150 millimeters in depth, are made integral with the stand.
Other fixtures
The cultivator for the T-25 tractor can also be equipped with the following mechanisms:
- Feeding knives, have a working width of 20 millimeters, are used for loosening row spacing, introducing fertilizer into the soil to a depth of 160 mm. The alignment of the remaining grooves is provided by the second weeding paw.
- Aryoznik grooves are equipped with a funnel for fertilizer application. The scope of their application is cutting irrigation grooves with a depth of up to 200 millimeters with inter-row finishing of row crops.
- Okuchnik from previous mechanisms are distinguished by the absence of a funnel, focused on cutting ridges, removing weeds. The depth of soil treatment is 160 mm, the height of the ridges is up to 250 mm.
- Needle-shaped discs are used to deform the soil crust and eliminate weeds in hard-to-reach areas. Needles enter the soil up to 40 millimeters, shifting the surface layer by 10-20 mm. These elements are made in three diameters: 0.35, 0.45, 0.52 m.
- The funnels are used for loosening, equipped with spring teeth on a frame pivotally connected to the section section boom.
Features
Judging by the reviews, cultivators for the MTZ-80 tractor are divided by the type of installation. These are models mounted in a hinged manner on the basic chassis of the equipment and options that are connected to the tractors through couplers. In addition, the mechanisms under consideration differ in the type of working bodies. Among them: milling cutters, rotors, disk and plowshares, as well as hillers. Depending on the design, the units are interconnected with the active organs of a passive or active action. The first type is driven by hydraulics, the second option operates by means of power cutters.
Specifications
Consider the parameters of the mounted cultivator on the tractor as a popular model KON-2.8A:
- gripping width - 2800 mm;
- performance indicator - 2.0 ha / h;
- seeding - from 30 to 700 kg / ha;
- overall dimensions - 2.45 / 3.2 / 1.62 m;
- row spacing - 700 mm;
- fertilizer reserve in depth - up to 160 mm;
- structural weight - up to 0.66 t;
- clearance - 300 mm;
- speed - 10 km / h;
- aggregation with tractors of traction category - 1.4 tons.
Principle of operation
The transverse frame beam rests on the wheels, five working compartments and sowing devices of the fat configuration are fixed on it. To interact with the tractor, an automatic coupling lock is used, which is welded to the frame beam. The working section is a parallelogram mechanism with four links. It consists of a front bracket, a link in the form of the letter "P", an upper adjustable analog, a chain. On the last element are fixed: working holder, support wheel frame, two side elements.
The sections are rearranged according to the frame, which allows processing row-spacings 0.6-0.7 m wide. The main parallelogram mechanism on the ups and downs of the wheel, on uneven ground ensures uniform movement of the ridge, while maintaining constant angles of the working bodies in depth and inclination.
Additional features
The central holders of the cultivator up to the tractor are mounted in grooves using shear type screws. To set the required depth, the main body rack in the holder is moved and fastened with stop bolts. The distance between the parts is transversely transformed by moving the side bars in the ridges of the sinuses.
Each section is adjusted according to the positions and angles of inclination of the working elements by changing the length of the central link of the hinged structure. On the sections there are places for mounting longitudinal, universal, chisel-shaped devices, nibbers and similar equipment. Mesh and rotor harrows can also be used.
Homemade cultivator on a tractor
Modern tractor cultivators are not so cheap, so many farmers are designing homemade analogues. For the manufacture of the simplest unit of small sizes, a certain set of tools and materials will be required, namely:
- Bulgarian saw;
- metal discs;
- welding machine with electrodes;
- sandpaper sheets different in abrasive;
- drill and drill set;
- steel square in the form of plates with dimensions of 150/150 mm;
- rectangular flat plates, which are required for the manufacture of mills;
- the width and length of the last elements depends on the tractor model, the optimal size is 40 millimeters in width and 250 mm in length;
- strong steel pipe;
- two pairs of nuts and bolts of eight pieces.
When choosing components, one should take into account the moment that they must have the appropriate strength and be as resistant to corrosion processes as possible. This is due to the fact that the technique is often used in an environment with a high content of moisture and acids, which adversely affect the metal parts of the units.
Work stages
The manufacturing process of the tractor cultivator, the price of which will be significantly lower than the factory analogue, is divided into the following stages:
- A connecting hole is drilled in each plate.
- The plates are aligned so that there is one cutter on each side of the square.
- Parts are fastened using a bolted or welded method.
- After combining the working elements, a hole is made in the center of the structure through which a metal tube is passed.
- The last element is cut into a pair of identical blanks, on each of which a detail with cutters is put on, fixed by welding or bolting.
- Both halves of the unit are connected to the power take-off shaft. This can be done with a drill and a few bolts of suitable length and diameter. The tractor shaft and tube with cutters are drilled through. The location of the hole depends on the modification of the tractor. For large machines, the nest is drilled closer to the center. A bolt is threaded through the compartments received, on which the standard and locknut are fixed.
In conclusion
Before testing a homemade cultivator in practice, it is necessary to carefully check all its connections for reliability and the presence of backlash. If the elements hang out, the unit will quickly fail under the weight of the soil. Previously, it needs to be tested on loose soil, which will allow you to assess the quality of the device, and only after that proceed with the processing of hard rocks.