Parsing a sentence is its full grammatical characteristic as a syntactic unit. It helps to correctly and accurately format them. With it, you can check the correct use of punctuation marks. In addition, parsing a sentence helps to consolidate knowledge on the topic "Syntax".
To parse a sentence, you need to know:
- what is the difference between a sentence and a phrase;
- what is the difference between simple and complex sentences;
- what signs are characteristic of it: the purpose of the statement, intonational and semantic completeness, grammatical basis ;
- types according to the number of grammatical bases;
- type of proposal for the presence or absence of the main members: two-part or one-part (impersonal, indefinitely personal, callative, generalized-personal, definitely-personal);
- types of complex sentences according to the nature of the syntactic connection: union (compound and compound), unionless;
- the syntactic role of individual words in it.
In addition, when parsing a sentence, you must be able to:
- find the main members in it;
- establish what type of sentence is grammatically based (one-part - two-part);
- identify minor members;
- indicate the presence of components that complicate it: homogeneous members, isolation, introductory elements, appeals, direct speech and citation;
- name the number of parts in the complex;
- indicate the type of compound sentence and syntactic relationship.
Parsing a simple sentence
1. Disassemble by members, emphasizing all members of the proposal, determining what they are expressed.
2. Indicate the purpose of the statement (interrogative, incentive, narrative).
3. To characterize it by expressed intonations and emotions (exclamation, non-exclamation).
4. Determine how many grammatical bases and their number indicate its type (simple, complex).
5. Indicate the type of proposal for the presence or absence of the main members (one-part, two-part. If one-part, which one).
6. Indicate its type by the presence of secondary members (non-distributed or common).
7. Describe the proposal for completeness (incomplete, complete).
8. Identify the complicating components (complicated, uncomplicated. If complicated, then indicate what exactly).
Parsing a compound sentence
1. To sort out the proposals by members, to determine how they are expressed.
2. Indicate the purpose of the statement (interrogative, incentive, narrative).
3. Describe by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory, exclamatory).
4. By the presence of more than one grammatical basis, determine that it is difficult.
5. Indicate the type of syntactic connection (union, union-free, combination of union and union-free).
6. Indicate its type (compound, compound, non-union) and means of communication in it.
7. Indicate the type of compound sentence (which one is complex or complex).
8. After this, each part of it is characterized individually using a simple sentence scheme).
9. Draw up a diagram indicating the connections between its parts.
EXAMPLE OF SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE:
Lilacs bloomed in our gardens.
-Λ- ~~~~~ Λ-Λ-Λ-Λ - ======= ββββββ.
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.
EXAMPLE OF SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF A COMPLEX PROPOSAL:
I loved him very much, and he answered me the same.
- - - Λ-Λ-Λ-Λ ========, ββ - - ======= - - - -.
[], and [].
The sentence is complex, narrative, non-exclamatory, consists of two parts, which are connected by intonation, the joining union βyes andβ and separated by a comma.
The first part (I loved him very much): simple, narrative, two-part, widespread, uncomplicated.
The second part (He answered me the same): simple, narrative, two-part, widespread, uncomplicated.
REMEMBER!
Performing syntactic analysis of a sentence, which is part of a complex one, we omit its characteristic in terms of its emotional coloring and the purpose of the statement.