The climate features of Chelyabinsk and the region are related to the geographical location. Its location on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains limits the flow of warm precipitation from the Atlantic, and its great distance from large water bodies and its location in the middle of the mainland contributes to sufficiently large fluctuations in annual and even daily air temperature.
The article describes the climate of the Chelyabinsk region and presents some of its features.
Geographical position, nature
The climate of the Chelyabinsk region directly depends on its geographical location. As noted above, the territory of the region extends along the eastern slopes of the Southern Urals and the adjacent territories of the Trans-Urals. The border in the north runs along the outskirts of Kurgan and Sverdlovsk regions. In the west, the region borders with Bashkiria, and in the south - with Kazakhstan and the Orenburg region. The eastern border is adjacent to the Kurgan region and Kazakhstan.
The largest rivers of the region are Miass, Ural. The territory is rich in lakes with salt and fresh water, the largest of which are Turgoyak, Uvildy, Bolshoi Kasli, Irtyash, Chebarkul. Extracted minerals: graphite, magnesite, iron ore, brown coal, refractory clays, and many others. other
Relief
According to the relief, the territory is divided into two parts: the western hilly and eastern lowland. The highest point is on Mount Nurlat (1406 meters). In more detail about how the weather is interconnected with geographical location and what is the climate of the Chelyabinsk region, you can read below in the article.
Relief in interaction with many other factors plays an important role in the development of soil formation processes. For example, solonetzes, chernozems and other types of soils are inherent in certain landforms.
The relief of the steppe zone is the plains with water bodies and various grassy vegetation. The floodplains of the left bank of the rivers Tobol, Miass, Iset and others have plains.
It should be noted that the absolute elevations of the entire territory of the Trans-Urals have large differences. For example, on the floodplain of the Tobol River, they fluctuate in the region of 140-150 meters, within the Kurgan region they increase to 170-180 meters, and in the Chelyabinsk region they can reach more than 210 meters.
Climatic conditions
In short, the climate of the Chelyabinsk region is continental.
The formation of the local climate is strongly influenced by the Ural Mountains, which are an obstacle to the movement of Western air masses. It is quite cold and long winters. The average January temperature is minus 16-18 ° C. Summer weather is generally warm, and hot in the southeast. In July, the average temperature is + 17-20 ° C. Annual precipitation amounts to 300 mm on the plains, and 600 mm in the highlands.
Radioactive contamination is noted in the region.
The diversity of natural flora is associated with the climate of the Chelyabinsk region. Its territories are located in the zone of northern steppes and forest-steppes. The soils are mainly chernozem, gray forest, gray mountain forest, meadow chernozem.
Flora and fauna
Forests occupy ¼ of the territory of the region. In the north, they are represented by aspen, birch and pine. In the central part, forest-steppes extend, in the south - steppes of different grasses and grains. Larch, spruce, fir, pine, linden and oak grow in the mountains.
The Chelyabinsk Region is rich in numerous species of animals and birds. The climate of the area made it possible to preserve such animals as moose, foxes, wolves, white hares, squirrels, geese, ducks, black grouse, partridge, hazel grouse, etc. The famous national parks Zyuratkul, Taganay and Ilmensky Reserve are located here.
A bit about the reserve
Ilmensky Reserve occupies the territory of the eastern foothills (Ilmensky Mountains) of the Southern Urals (area - 30380 ha) near the Miass River. It was founded in 1920 initially as mineralogical (approximately 200 varieties of minerals were found). Transformed into a comprehensive reserve in 1935. Its smooth relief is a system of hills of different sizes overgrown with forests. From the eastern side, the reserve is limited by the Miass floodplain, and from the east and south by a chain of large lakes resulting from tectonic processes.
The climate of the reserve does not differ from the climate of the entire Chelyabinsk region. Here the summers are quite hot and the winters are cold. Relatively unstable weather: summers can be rainy or dry, and winters with little snow and frost or with little snow and mild. The average annual rainfall is 500-800 mm, the snow cover reaches a thickness of up to 1 meter. The duration of its occurrence is 195 days. The period without frost lasts up to 90 days.
About the climate of the city of Chelyabinsk
Many factors determined in Chelyabinsk a temperate continental climate, transitioning to sharply continental. This area is also characterized by rather high temperature differences.
The wind speed averages 3-4 m / s, and in the presence of snowstorms or thunderstorms it increases to 25 m / s. In Chelyabinsk, from 365 days a year, up to about 300 are windy. Chelyabinsk clearly has a manifestation of the climate of each season, but the cold season is predominant, which is associated with the Arctic air masses (the city is open to the Arctic Ocean) and its fencing from the Atlantic Urals.
Interesting information about the climate of the Chelyabinsk region
- According to the amount of precipitation, three zones of the region are distinguished: mountain-forest represents an area of excessive moisture, forest-steppe - an area of moderate moisture, and steppe - an area of insufficient moisture.
- The wettest place is the cities of Asha (annual rainfall - 761 mm) and Zlatoust (volume - 704 mm). It is interesting to note that Moscow is called the heart of Russia, and the city of Zlatoust is called its "bladder."
- The warmest place is the village of Bredy (the average annual temperature is 1.9 degrees).
- Troitsk is the sunniest place (in the year 2218 hours of sun, which is more than the values of the city of Sochi).
- The cold pole of the Chelyabinsk region is the village of Polovinnoye (Oktyabrsky district). The average monthly temperature in January is minus 18 degrees.
- The weather station on Taganai is the windiest (there are practically no quiet days). Wind speed reaches 40 m / s.
- In 1979, the most severe frost (-52 degrees) was recorded in Nyazepetrovsk, and the most severe heat was recorded in 1984 in the village of Bredy (+41 degrees).